The research performance of 41 British university politics departments was evaluated through an analysis of articles published between 1987 and 1992 in nine European politics journals with the highest citation impact factors. Annual performance scores were obtained by dividing each department's number of publications in these journals in each year (departmental productivity) by the corresponding departmental size. These scores were summed to obtain a research performance score for each department over the period of assessment. They correlate significantly with research performance scores from two previous studies using different methodologies: Crewe's per capita simple publication count for the years 1978 to 1984, and the Universities Funding Council's research selectivity ratings covering the years 1989 to 1992.Since the mid 1980s, the funding of British universities has been determined to an increasing extent by evaluations of departmental research performance. Rightly or wrongly, there is a momentum towards the use of such evaluations for the purposes of resource allocation. Although research selectivity is now an established aspect of higher education policy in Britain, there is controversy about how departmental research performance ought to be measured. The problem is exacerbated by the dichotomous roles of British universities -as teaching institutions and as centres of innovation and research. Most assessment exercises to date have focused on research performance, although teaching performance has also received some attention.The concept of research performance requires clarification, especially in the light of the widespread confusion of research performance with research productivity. To rate departments according to research productivity -that is, according to their relative research outputs -would be to disregard input factors such as department size, research grant income, equipment grants and other recurrent income, and technical, secretarial, and administrative staff. Measures of productivity that ignore input factors give an unfair advantage to larger and better funded departments. Research performance, on the other hand, is a measure of output per unit of input and therefore reflects the efficiency of a department's research productivity. Although the most important input factors can be identified without too much difficulty, the assessment of research performance is not as straightforward as it may at first appear, for it should ideally take account of both the quantity and the quality of the research output of departments.Various attempts have been made, with varying degrees of success, to measure departmental research performance. In 1986 the University Grants Committee (UGC), which