Gradient fiber-reinforced aerogel composites using surface ceramicizable-resin densification with outstanding ablation resistance for high-temperature thermal protection

Wang, Hebing; Pan, Yiwu; Jin, Xiangyu; Wu, Can; Huang, He; Yan, Xiaojie; Hong, Changqing; Zhang, Xinghong

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109798

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The increase of porosity postpones the densification process of phenolic nanoparticles. In general, NPCs have stronger mechanical strength and even lighter density compared to carbon/ phenolic, 19,20 quartz/phenolic, 21,22 PICA, 23 and phenolic aerogel composites, 24 as shown in Figure 3f.…”

Section: Mechanical Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Co-Optimizing Insulative and Mechanical Properties of Quartz Fabric Reinforced Phenolic Composites by a Compromising Porous Structure for Thermal Insulation

Qian

Cai

Wang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Introducing porosity into structures is recognized as a practical strategy to achieve lightweightness and insulation for ablatives, but reduced matrix density leads to the weakening of mechanical and anti-ablation performances. Herein, a trade-off design of the porous structure is developed for integrating high-strength, insulation, and anti-ablation abilities into mid-density nanoporous phenolic composites (NPC). Benefiting from a narrow nanopore size (20–62 nm) of the matrix, thermal conductivity of NPC can be effectively limited within 0.079–0.115 W/(m·K), while showing a mid-density of 0.89–1.04 g/cm3. Meanwhile, NPC shows a considerable axial tensile strength of 130.2–177.8 MPa and out-of-plane compressive strength of ∼300 MPa due to the compromising porosity (34–62%) and reinforcing of the 3D needle-punched quartz fiber preform. Besides, NPC exhibits excellent oxidation resistance in static radiation heating (1000 °C) and outstanding insulation and ablation resistance under an oxy-acetylene heat flux of 1.76 and 4.18 MW/m2 with the linear ablation rates of ∼0.102 and ∼0.185 mm/s, respectively. The results will further promote the development and application of phenolic ablatives in extreme re-entry environments.

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Section: Mechanical Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Co-Optimizing Insulative and Mechanical Properties of Quartz Fabric Reinforced Phenolic Composites by a Compromising Porous Structure for Thermal Insulation

Qian

Cai

Wang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…To overcome the above-mentioned issues that occurred in the APD process, different reinforcements have been introduced to enhance the rigidity of phenolic resin wet gel, such as polymer fiber felts [ 20 , 21 ], carbon fiber felts [ 22 , 23 ] and ceramic fiber felts [ 24 , 25 ]. The introduction of these reinforcements makes the synthesis of PRAs easier and inhibits the shrinkage of wet gels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Pore Characteristics, Mechanical Properties and Thermal Performances of Near-Net Shape Manufacturing Phenolic Resin Aerogels

Sha,

Dai,

Wang

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Thermally stable high-performance phenolic resin aerogels (PRAs) are of great interest for thermal insulation because of their light weight, fire retardancy and low thermal conductivity. However, the drawbacks of PRA synthesis, such as long processing time, inherent brittleness and significant shrinkage during drying, greatly restrict their wide applications. In this work, PRAs were synthesized at ambient pressure through a near-net shape manufacturing technique, where boron-containing thermosetting phenolic resin (BPR) was introduced into the conventional linear phenolic resin (LPR) to improve the pore characteristics, mechanical properties and thermal performances. Compared with the traditional LPR-synthesized aerogel, the processing time and the linear shrinkage rate during the drying of the PRAs could be significantly reduced, which was attributed to the enhanced rigidity and the unique bimodal pore size distribution. Furthermore, no catastrophic failure and almost no mechanical degradation were observed on the PRAs, even with a compressive strain of up to 60% at temperatures ranging from 25 to 200 °C, indicating low brittleness and excellent thermo-mechanical stability. The PRAs also showed outstanding fire retardancy. On the other hand, the PRAs with a density of 0.194 g/cm3 possessed a high Young’s modulus of 12.85 MPa and a low thermal conductivity of 0.038 W/(m·K).

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“…When the temperature was higher than 600 °C, the thermal insulation performance declined dramatically because of the increase in thermal radiation. Multi-layer materials show great advantages in infrared shielding performance. − The reflecting screen could reduce the heat flux of radiant heat transfer and then improve the heat insulation’s performance. Chen prepared a kind of high-temperature multiple-layer ceramic fiber materials with graphite foils as reflecting screens, which made materials exhibit good shielding performance for high-temperature radiation heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characteristic of the Novel Multiple-Layer Thermal Insulation Nanocomposite Materials

Kong¹,

Li²,

Gao³

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Thermal insulation nanomaterials based on aerogels have attracted more and more researchers' attention due to their low thermal conductivity and lightweight characteristics. However, the high-temperature thermal insulation performance and the mechanical strength of the material itself remain a great challenge. We developed a method to construct multiscale structures of thermal insulation materials based on dry aerogel particles, ultralong nanowires, and interfacial crosslinkers. In our work, the introduction of surfactants enabled the effective dispersion of aerogels and nanowires in the aqueous solution instead of in an organic solvent. Also, thanks to the synergistic effect of crosslinkers and nanowires, the materials exhibit a good mechanical strength; the maximum value of tensile strength for nanocomposite materials is up to 0.76 MPa. Aerogels with a resistance of 1000 °C and reflecting screens were adopted to prepare the multiple-layer thermal insulation materials, enabling the obtained material to show the outstanding thermal insulation property [0.028 W (m•K) −1 at 25 °C and 0.059 W (m•K) −1 at 800 °C]; additionally, when the temperature of the heating surface was raised to 800 °C, the back surface temperature of 15 mm materials increased to an ultimate temperature of only 218 °C after heat treatment for 500 s. These favorable multi-features indicate the materials are ideal for thermal insulation in industrial, aerospace, and even extreme environmental conditions.

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Gradient fiber-reinforced aerogel composites using surface ceramicizable-resin densification with outstanding ablation resistance for high-temperature thermal protection

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Co-Optimizing Insulative and Mechanical Properties of Quartz Fabric Reinforced Phenolic Composites by a Compromising Porous Structure for Thermal Insulation

Co-Optimizing Insulative and Mechanical Properties of Quartz Fabric Reinforced Phenolic Composites by a Compromising Porous Structure for Thermal Insulation

Improving Pore Characteristics, Mechanical Properties and Thermal Performances of Near-Net Shape Manufacturing Phenolic Resin Aerogels

Preparation and Characteristic of the Novel Multiple-Layer Thermal Insulation Nanocomposite Materials

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