Gracilaria edulis exhibit antiproliferative activity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 without causing adverse toxic effect in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

In the present study, the antiproliferative potential of various solvent extracts of Gracilaria edulis (GE) was tested against various cancer cell lines. In the A549 lung cancer cell line model, GE ethyl acetate extract (GEEA) (100 μg mL(-1)) treated group showed the maximum and significant (P < 0.05) growth inhibition at 48 h. The IC50 value was found to be 24.5 ± 19.1 μg mL(-1) at 48 h. Moreover, a low level of LDH release was observed at 48 h at various concentrations of (40, 60, 80 and 100 μg mL(-1)) GEEA extract-treated group compared to a control group. Changes in the cell morphology and echinoid spikes formation were observed at 48 h. Safety evaluation of GEEA in a non-cancerous liver cell line, PBMC and in Wistar rats positively revealed that the extract did not show any adverse toxic effects. The GEEA extract was partially purified by column chromatography and the active fraction was characterized through LC-MS analysis. Furthermore, HPLC and FT-IR analysis of the active fractions confirmed the presence of phytol, a diterpene compound with potent antiproliferative activity, which positively suggests that the red alga G. edulis contains a potent anticancer active principle.

Phytochemical profiling of Turbinaria ornata and its antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects

“…Natural sources such as plants, microorganisms and marine organisms are potential bioresources for anticancer compounds 5 . Earlier studies reported that the seaweeds Undaria pinnatifida , 6 Gracilaria edulis , 7 Turbinaria conoides , 8 and Sargassum pallidum 9 exhibit anti-proliferative effects against human lung cancer cells (A549).…”

Algae-Derived Bioactive Compounds with Anti-Lung Cancer Potential

“…It was also reported that prophylactic administration of fucoidans suppress lung cancer metastasis by inhibiting MMPs and VEGF [57]. Besides that, fucoidans have the ability to present a synergistic effect towards the anticancer agents currently in use [41]. This has emphasized the need for further research by combining such polysaccharides with the existing medicines to improve the efficacy of conventional drugs.…”

“…Phycocyanin which is a blue colored phycobiliprotein produced essentially from Arthrospira sp., reportedly showed anticancer properties against A549 lung cancer cells [30]. Previous study mentioned the use of phycocyanin individually and/or in combination with other agents to obtain anticancer effects against lung cancer [40,41]. Phycoerythrin (pink colored protein pigment) produced by a marine Lyngbya showed apoptotic activity against A549 human lung carcinoma cells [64].…”

Complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA of Gracilaria edulis (Rhodophyta)

“…The polyunsaturated esters in G. edulis showed antibacterial activity against several human pathogens. G. edulis extracts can inhibit carcinoma cell activity (Sakthivel et al 2016). To date, studies have mainly focused on the identification of antitumor active compounds in G. edulis (Patra and Muthuraman 2013).…”