“…Although there are inconsistencies in how communication styles, behaviours and traits are described in the literature, it is recognized that certain aspects are considered positive, with less attention on negative behaviours. On one hand, positive attributes include respecting and listening to staff, appropriately responding to staff emotions, providing access to sufficient information to effectively perform their work (Pearson et al., 2007), using appropriate language, reflecting emotions appropriately, using body language well, actively listening and providing positive feedback (Mannix et al., 2015). On the other hand, negative leadership behaviours include being condescending, demanding (Reed & Bullis, 2009), intimidating, micromanaging and sending mixed messages (Carrington, 2012).…”