GRACE gravity observations constrain Weichselian ice thickness in the Barents Sea

Root, Bart; Tarasov, Lev; Wal, Wouter van der

doi:10.1002/2015gl063769

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…This model combines vertical land rates from Global Navigation Satellite System stations and relative sea level curves in a Bayesian framework to estimate the geoid changes induced by GIA, together with an associated standard error. In the Russian Arctic (RGI region 09), we use the model of Root et al (2015), which was specifically tailored for this region. To account for mass displacement in response to load changes since the Little Ice Age (LIA), which are not included in these GIA models, we use the LIA models of Larsen et al (2005) for Alaska (RGI region 01), Jacob et al (2012) High Mountain Asia (RGI region 13-15), and Ivins and James (2004) for the Southern Andes (RGI region 17).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We note that our LIA correction is smaller than that reported in their study (3 vs. 5.5 Gt yr −1 ), due to the different method to retrieve the mass changes from the GRACE data. Uncertainties for the GIA correction are based on the standard errors derived from the probability density function reported in Caron et al (2018), an ensemble of GIA solutions with varying ice loading history for the Russian Arctic (Root et al, 2015), and varying ice loading history and earth structure models for Iceland (Sørensen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Glacier Mass Loss During the GRACE Satellite Mission (2002-2016)

2019

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Glaciers outside of the ice sheets are known to be important contributors to sea level rise. In this work, we provide an overview of changes in the mass of the world's glaciers, excluding those in Greenland and Antarctica, between 2002 and 2016, based on satellite gravimetry observations of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Glaciers lost mass at a rate of 199 ± 32 Gt yr −1 during this 14-yr period, equivalent to a cumulative sea level contribution of 8 mm. We present annual mass balances for 17 glacier regions, that show a qualitatively good agreement with published estimates from in situ observations. We find that annual mass balance varies considerably from year to year, which can in part be attributed to changes in the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere. These variations, combined with the relatively short observational record, hamper the detection of acceleration of glacier mass loss. Our study highlights the need for continued observations of the Earth's glacierized regions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Glacier Mass Loss During the GRACE Satellite Mission (2002-2016)

2019

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“…One of the principle drivers of solid Earth deformation is GIA, and across regions that are currently ice-free, GRACE data (and measurements of the static gravity field by the 'Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer', GOCE) have been used to quantify the magnitude and spatial pattern of the local GIA signal (e.g. Tamisiea et al, 2007;Hill et al, 2010;Metivier et al, 2016), past ice thickness 415 (Root et al, 2015), and local viscosity structure (Paulson et al, 2007a). However, in areas where an ice sheet is still present variations in the local gravity field will reflect the solid Earth response to both past and present ice mass change, as well as contemporary changes to the mass of the ice sheet itself (Wahr et al, 2000).…”

Section: Gravity Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the near future, improvements in data coverage will come through the application of novel analytical techniques in regions where sea-level reconstruction have so far proved challenging, e.g. mangroves, and the more widespread use of gravity data to constrain the GIA signal where sea-level and GPS data are lacking (Root et al, 2015). 730…”

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confidence: 99%

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment modelling: historical perspectives, recent advances, and future directions

Whitehouse¹

2018

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Abstract. Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) describes the response of the solid Earth, the gravitational field, and 5 consequently the oceans to the growth and decay of the global ice sheets. It is a process that takes place relatively rapidly, triggering 100 m-scale changes in sea level and solid Earth deformation over just a few tens of thousands of years. Indeed, the first-order effects of GIA could already be quantified several hundred years ago without reliance on precise measurement techniques and scientists have been developing a unifying theory for the observations for over 200 years. Progress towards this goal required a number of significant breakthroughs to be made, including the recognition that ice sheets were once 10 more extensive, the solid Earth changes shape over time, and gravity plays a central role in determining the pattern of sealevel change. This article describes in detail the historical development of the field of GIA and an overview of the processes involved. Significant recent progress has been made as concepts associated with GIA have begun to be incorporated into parallel fields of research; these advances are discussed, along with the role that GIA is likely to play in addressing outstanding research questions within the field of Earth system modelling. 15

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“…This could result in biased inferences of ice thickness. Finally, the influence on gravity rates is also investigated, as gravity rates derived from the GRACE satellite mission constrain GIA in Scandinavia (Steffen et al, 2008;van der Wal et al, 2011) and the Barents Sea (Root et al, 2015a). To 15 compare with GRACE data a maximum spherical harmonic degree of 60 is used in the GIA model, which is the same truncation used in many GRACE studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment loading in Fennoscandia during the last glacial cycle

Wal

IJpelaar

2017

Preprint

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Models for postglacial rebound, or Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) routinely include the effects of meltwater redistribution and changes in topography and coastlines. Since the sediment transport related to the dynamics of ice sheets may be comparable to that of sea level rise in terms of surface pressure, the loading effect of sediment deposition could 10 cause measurable ongoing viscous readjustment. Here we study the loading effect of glacial induced sediment redistribution (GISR) related to the Weichselian ice sheet in Fennoscandia and the Barents Sea. The surface loading effect and its effect on the gravitational potential is modelled by including changes in sediment thickness in the sea level equation following the method of Dalca et al. (2013). Sediment displacement estimates are estimated in two different ways: (i) from a compilation of studies on smaller features: through mouth fans, large scale failure and basin flux and (ii) from output of a coupled ice-15 sediment model. To account for uncertainty in Earth's rheology three viscosity profiles are used.It is found that sediment transport can lead to changes in relative sea level of at most several meters with the largest effect occurring earlier in the deglaciation. This magnitude is below the error level of most of the relative sea level data because data are sparse and errors are larger for older data. The maximum effect on present-day uplift rates is a few tenths of mm yr -1 , which is around the measurement error of long-term GPS monitoring networks. The maximum effect on present-day 20 gravity rates as measured by the GRACE satellite mission is up to tenths of μGal yr -1 , which is larger than the measurement error. Since GISR causes systematic uplift in most mainland Scandinavia, including GISR in GIA models would improve interpretation of GPS and GRACE observations there.

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GRACE gravity observations constrain Weichselian ice thickness in the Barents Sea

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Global Glacier Mass Loss During the GRACE Satellite Mission (2002-2016)

Global Glacier Mass Loss During the GRACE Satellite Mission (2002-2016)

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment modelling: historical perspectives, recent advances, and future directions

Sediment loading in Fennoscandia during the last glacial cycle

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