GPS source solution of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake

Houlié, Nicolas; Dreger, Douglas S.; Kim, A.

doi:10.1038/srep03646

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…To demonstrate the usefulness of including stress changes inferred from aftershocks, I perform a joint inversion of coseismic GPS displacements from Houlié et al () and stress changed inferred in Figure b. I apply the same Laplacian smoothing as was set in Figure , but the weight of the stress changes is systematically varied until a preferred model is reached where both GPS and stress changes are fitted with over 95% reduction in variance.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constitutive Law for Earthquake Production Based on Rate‐and‐State Friction: Theory and Application of Interacting Sources

Heimisson

2019

JGR Solid Earth

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The constitutive relationship of Dieterich (1994, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB02581) for earthquake production has been applied widely to earthquake triggering. The Dieterich theory achieves mathematical simplicity and thus lends itself to practical applications through a number of simplifying assumptions. Perhaps the most suspect and criticized assumption is that seismic sources do not interact. Here I provide an extension of the constitutive framework, using the modified formulation of Heimisson and Segall (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015656) which accounts for source interactions. Moreover, I explore ways to account for earthquake magnitudes and highlight potential directions for future research. I identify conditions under which the constitutive relationship with interactions reduces to the noninteracting Dieterich theory, revealing that an interacting population may be modeled as an equivalent noninteracting population. This result may partly explain the success of the Dieterich theory in spite of assuming no interactions. These special conditions reveal that if the magnitude distribution (e.g., the b value) is altered by a stress perturbation, then the Dieterich model may either underpredict or overpredict the seismicity rate. Furthermore, the interaction model grants insight into the physical interpretation of the background seismicity rate, which is frequently considered to be a declustered rate. However, the results suggest that interactions do not change the total cumulative number of events over a long time span (t ≫ ta). Finally, I apply the interaction theory to fault slip models, aftershock diffusion, and secondary triggering as illustrative examples.

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Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earthquake locations for this study were accessed through the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), doi:10.7932/NCEDC. GPS data used are found under Houlié et al (). E. R. H. conducted this research while being supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (grant NNX16AO40H).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive Law for Earthquake Production Based on Rate‐and‐State Friction: Theory and Application of Interacting Sources

Heimisson

2019

JGR Solid Earth

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“…Both seismic (unstable) and aseismic (stable) slip can occur on the plate interfaces at convergent12 and transform plate boundaries345, and it has been broadly accepted that these two different types of slip show complementary spatial distributions234567. The differences in slip behaviours have been explained as the consequence of variations in the frictional parameters of the empirical rate- and state-dependent friction law89, which are expected to be strongly variable along a fault.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seafloor observations indicate spatial separation of coseismic and postseismic slips in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

et al. 2016

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Large interplate earthquakes are often followed by postseismic slip that is considered to occur in areas surrounding the coseismic ruptures. Such spatial separation is expected from the difference in frictional and material properties in and around the faults. However, even though the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ruptured a vast area on the plate interface, the estimation of high-resolution slip is usually difficult because of the lack of seafloor geodetic data. Here using the seafloor and terrestrial geodetic data, we investigated the postseismic slip to examine whether it was spatially separated with the coseismic slip by applying a comprehensive finite-element method model to subtract the viscoelastic components from the observed postseismic displacements. The high-resolution co- and postseismic slip distributions clarified the spatial separation, which also agreed with the activities of interplate and repeating earthquakes. These findings suggest that the conventional frictional property model is valid for the source region of gigantic earthquakes.

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“…This demonstrates that the 1 Hz sampling frequency (Nyquist frequency of 0.5 Hz or 2 s) is the limiting factor for the period range of observation in this case. Although the Tohoku-Oki event is not covered by our modeling hypotheses, other earthquakes have been well recorded by high-rate GPS (Miyazaki et al, 2004;Bilich et al, 2008;Larson and Miyazaki, 2008;Yokota et al, 2009;Delouis et al, 2010;Shi et al, 2010;Allen and Ziv, 2011;Avallone et al, 2011;Houlié et al, 2011Houlié et al, , 2014Lay et al, 2011;Yue and Lay, 2011;Mitsui and Heki, 2012;Zheng et al, 2012;Kelevitz et al, 2017). A case study is presented in the Observations from the 2008 IwateMiyagi Nairiku Earthquake section.…”

Section: Gps Noise Levels Noise Of Real-time Gps-ppp Time Series Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Häberling et al (2015) showed that beyond this rate, signal autocorrelation could take place. 1 Hz GPS recordings have been used to detect motions of the Earth's surface associated with seismic-wave propagation Houlié et al, 2011;Kaloop and Rabah, 2016), for earthquake early warning (Allen and Ziv, 2011;Bock et al, 2011), to invert for coseismic slip of large (M w > 6) events (Miyazaki et al, 2004;Miyazaki and Larson, 2008;Rhie et al, 2009;Houlié et al, 2014), to constrain seismic moment magnitude (Melgar et al, 2015), and to record the Earth's normal modes (Mitsui and Heki, 2012), or simply coseismic offsets . Psimoulis et al (2014) showed that it is possible to establish maximum ground velocity (MGV) maps at long periods (T > 3 s) using high sampling rate GPS data collected during the 2011 Tohoku-Oki megathrust event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of High‐Rate GPS for Strong Ground Motion Assessment

Michel¹,

Kelevitz²,

Houlié³

et al. 2017

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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We show that high-rate Global Positioning System (GPS) can have a vital role to play in near-real-time monitoring of potentially destructive earthquakes. We do this by investigating the potential of GPS in recording strong ground motions from earthquakes in Switzerland and Japan. The study uses finite-fault stochastic groundmotion simulation based on Fourier amplitude spectra and duration models previously developed for both countries, allowing comparisons in terms of both Fourier and timedomain characteristics (here, the peak ground velocity [PGV]).We find that earthquakes of magnitude M w > 5:8 can be recorded by GPS in real time at 10 km distance, that is, their Fourier spectrum exceeds the noise of the instruments enough to be used in strong-motion seismology. Postprocessing of GPS time series lowers the noise and can improve the minimum observable magnitude by 0.1-0.2. As GPS receivers can record at higher rates (> 10 Hz), we investigate which sampling rate is sufficient to optimally record earthquake signals and conclude that a minimum sampling rate of 5 Hz is recommended. This is driven by recording events at short distances (below 10 km for magnitude 6 events and below 30 km for magnitude 7 events).Furthermore, the maximum ground velocity derived from GPS is compared with the actual PGV for synthetic signals from the stochastic simulations and the 2008 M w 6.9 Iwate earthquake. The proposed model, confirmed by synthetic and empirical data, shows that a reliable estimate of PGV for events of about magnitude 7 and greater can be basically retrieved by GPS in real time and could be included, for instance, in ShakeMaps for aiding postevent disaster management.

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GPS source solution of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake

Cited by 25 publications

References 86 publications

Constitutive Law for Earthquake Production Based on Rate‐and‐State Friction: Theory and Application of Interacting Sources

Constitutive Law for Earthquake Production Based on Rate‐and‐State Friction: Theory and Application of Interacting Sources

Seafloor observations indicate spatial separation of coseismic and postseismic slips in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

The Potential of High‐Rate GPS for Strong Ground Motion Assessment

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