GPER1 and microRNA: Two Players in Breast Cancer Progression

Vivacqua, Adele

doi:10.3390/ijms22010098

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 188 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Based on the confirmed expression of GPER1 in EC109, we applied this cell line to detect the function of GPER1 in vitro. G1 is the well-known GPER1 selective agonist, and G15 has a similar structure to G1 and is effective in inhibiting all G1-mediated effects [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. In the present study, EC109 cells were first treated with G1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Expression Pattern of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma

Liu,

Niu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Esophageal carcinoma is a male-dominant malignancy worldwide, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) shows more significant sex bias than esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in morbidity and mortality. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is involved in several sex-related cancers; however, its expression level in esophageal carcinoma has been poorly investigated and its role is not precisely defined, depending on histological types. In the present study, the mRNA levels of GPER1 in esophageal carcinoma were collected from GEPIA and Oncomine databases for meta-analyses. The protein expression levels of GPER1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in the tissue microarray of EAC and ESCC. The GPER1 selective agonist G1, antagonist G15, and siRNA were applied in vitro to investigate their impacts on esophageal cell lines. Analysis of the RNA levels from the databases showed a decreased expression of GPER1 in overall esophageal carcinoma, and low expression levels of GPER1 were found to be associated with low survival of tumor patients. However, in the subgroup of EAC and its precancerous lesion, Barrett’s esophagus, overexpression of GPER1 RNA was increased when compared with the normal tissues. The average staining scores of GPER1 protein in the tissue microarray of EAC were significantly higher than normal esophageal samples, and the rate of positive staining increased with the grade of poor tumor differentiation. The scores of GPER1 protein in ESCC tissues were lower than those in the normal tissues. The results from cell line experiments in vitro showed that the GPER1 agonist G1 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of ESCC cells EC109 with positive expression of GPER1. G1 had no obvious effect on normal esophageal NE2 cells with weak expression of GPER1. In addition, GPER1 RNA knockdown and application of antagonist G15 reversed the effects of G1 on EC109. The results of this study indicate that the expression levels of GPER1 are higher in EAC than in ESCC, which might be correlated with the dimorphic estrogen signaling pathway in different types of esophageal carcinoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Expression Pattern of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma

Liu,

Niu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Its low expression has already been correlated with lower overall survival [67]. However, in patients with ER-positive BC, GPER1 was correlated with hormone therapy resistance and aggressive disease recurrence [68]. Therefore, a molecular understanding of BC is essential, especially for the development of effective strategies that promote a better quality of life for patients.…”

Section: The Estrogen-independent Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Potential Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Luminal Breast Cancer

da Silva,

Brandão,

Ferreira

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer worldwide, mainly affecting the epithelial cells from the mammary glands. When it expresses the estrogen receptor (ER), the tumor is called luminal BC, which is eligible for endocrine therapy with hormone signaling blockade. Hormone therapy is essential for the survival of patients, but therapeutic resistance has been shown to be worrying, significantly compromising the prognosis. In this context, the need to explore new compounds emerges, especially compounds of plant origin, since they are biologically active and particularly promising. Natural products are being continuously screened for treating cancer due to their chemical diversity, reduced toxicity, lower side effects, and low price. This review summarizes natural compounds for the treatment of luminal BC, emphasizing the activities of these compounds in ER-positive cells. Moreover, their potential as an alternative to endocrine resistance is explored, opening new opportunities for the design of optimized therapies.

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