Governing Health in Contemporary China

Huang, Yanzhong

doi:10.4324/9780203078549

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The late re-emergence of civic associational life had consequences for responding to AIDS, however, as there was no rich history and experience of civic mobilization in response to healthcare challenges. While a group of community physicians, also known as 'barefoot doctors', did exist, they were MOH employees certified to work in rural areas, not a voluntary civic organization (Huang 2013). It was not until the early 1990s that AIDS NGOs began to develop (Lu and Gill 2007).…”

Section: Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Political repression, civil society and the politics of responding to AIDS in the BRICS nations

Gómez

Harris

2015

Health Policy Plan.

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The policy responses to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) nations have played out amid radically different political environments that have shaped state-civil society relations in critical ways. In contrasting these different environments, this article offers the first comparison of the policy response to AIDS in the BRICS nations and seeks to understand the way in which political context matters for conditioning the response to a major epidemic. Using a comparative historical approach, we find that while collaborative state-civil society relations have produced an aggressive response and successful outcomes in Brazil, democratic openness and state-civil society engagement has not necessarily correlated with an aggressive response or better outcomes in the other cases. Response to the epidemic has been worst by far in democratic South Africa, followed by Russia, where in the former, denialism and antagonistic state-civil society relations fuelled a delayed response and proved extremely costly in terms of human lives. In Russia, a lack of civil societal opportunity for mobilization and non-governmental organization (NGO) growth, political centralization and the state's unwillingness to work with NGOs led to an ineffective government response. Top-down bureaucratic rule and a reluctance to fully engage civil society in democratic India substantially delayed the state's efforts to engage in a successful partnership with NGOs. Nevertheless, China has done surprisingly well, in spite of its repressive approach and narrow engagement with civil society. And in all cases, we find the relationship between state and civil society to be evolving over time in important ways. These findings suggest the need for more research on the links between democratic openness, political repression and policy responses to epidemics.

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Section: Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Political repression, civil society and the politics of responding to AIDS in the BRICS nations

Gómez

Harris

2015

Health Policy Plan.

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“…According to one analyst, "by the mid-2000s, medical care, education, and social security became the 'three new mountains' that burdened the Chinese people, reminiscent of the old 'three mountains' (imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucrat-capitalism) that were used by the Communist Party to justify its social revolution that led to the founding of the People's Republic in 1949." 83 This set the stage for the reforms to come in the new millennium.…”

Section: Legacy Of Market Reformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This retrenchment was abetted by a marked shift in China's government from "bandwagoning" -which entailed the concentration of power under Mao and the Communist Party, the marginalization of the health bureaucracy, and coordination of policy in pursuit of public health goals -to "buckpassing" whereby each stakeholder shirked their public health responsibility, pursued their own agendas (e.g., the MOH's effort to modernize the country's healthcare system), and focused instead on economic growth. 66 Government funding of healthcare shrunk during the era from 39 percent of national health spending (1986) to 16 percent (2002). 67 More significantly, reduced government funding laid the foundation for the emergence of chronic illness in the Chinese population that now serves as the country's most significant health threat.…”

Section: Diminished Emphasis On Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of China’s Healthcare System

Burns¹,

Huang²

2017

China's Healthcare System and Reform

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“…The absence of civic pressures could also be partly attributed to the absence of influential non-governmental organizations, which were suppressed during Mao's cultural revolution (Keping, 2009). Unlike Indonesia, there also never existed a transition to democracy, with a constitution concretizing citizens' rights to health insurance and access to medicine (Huang, 2013) and amendments requiring the election of politicians. Consequently, unlike Indonesia, national electoral interests in guaranteeing access to health care and financial protection never became a priority (Gómez, 2015).…”

Section: Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2004, the government also invested in a web-based disease surveillance system (Wang et al, N/D). From 2002 to 2006, government spending for public health also increased by 107%, leading to the construction of hospitals, especially in rural areas and specialized training for health care personnel (Huang, 2013). Furthermore, the SARS aftermath prompted efforts to strengthen the government's response to other infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, leading to US $1.42 billion for prevention services, antiretroviral medication for the rural poor and HIV-positive pregnant women through the 2003 'Four Frees, One Care' program (Huang, 2013).…”

Section: Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Democratic transitions, health institutions, and financial protection in the emerging economies: insights from Asia

Gómez

2016

HEPL

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In recent years, several emerging economies have introduced national health insurance programs ensuring access to health care while offering financial protection from out-of-pocket and catastrophic expenses. Nevertheless, in several nations these expenses continue to increase. While recent research has emphasized the lack of funding, poor policy design and corruption as the main culprits, little is known about the politics of establishing federal regulatory agencies ensuring that state governments adhere to national insurance reimbursement and coverage procedures. This article fills in this lacuna by providing an alternative perspective, one that accounts for differences between nations in the creation of regulatory institutions, with an emphasis instead on governing elite strategies to campaign on access to health care during transitions to democracy, civil societal mobilization, constitutional constraints and the national electoral incentives to overcome ineffective decentralization processes. The cases of Indonesia and China are introduced as examples of how and why their differences in this political process accounted for Indonesia's success and China's failure to ensure financial protection.

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Governing Health in Contemporary China

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Political repression, civil society and the politics of responding to AIDS in the BRICS nations

Political repression, civil society and the politics of responding to AIDS in the BRICS nations

History of China’s Healthcare System

Democratic transitions, health institutions, and financial protection in the emerging economies: insights from Asia

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