Gonadal Steroids, Learning, and Memory

Dohanich, Gary P.

doi:10.1016/b978-012532104-4/50024-x

Cited by 84 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 546 publications

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“…Second, all of the studies by Butt were conducted using gonadally intact males, whereas the current study was conducted using ovariectomized females. There are many examples of sex differences, as well as gonadal hormone effects, on cognitive performance in both rodents and higher species, including humans (Daniel, 2006;Dohanich, 2002;Janowsky, 2006;Sherwin, 2003Sherwin, ,2006. Such differences may account for the discrepancies here.…”

Section: Effects On Ca Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Cholinergic lesions produce task-selective effects on delayed matching to position and configural association learning related to response pattern and strategy

Gibbs

Johnson

2007

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Abstract192 IgG-saporin (SAP) was used to selectively destroy cholinergic neurons in the rostral basal forebrain (e.g., medial septum (MS) and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (VDB)) and/or the caudal basal forebrain (e.g., nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM)) of ovariectomized SpragueDawley rats. The effects of these lesions on two different cognitive tasks, a delayed matching to position (DMP) T-maze task, and a configural association (CA) operant conditioning task, were evaluated and compared. Injecting SAP into either the MS or NBM significantly impaired acquisition of the DMP task. Analysis showed that the effects were due largely to an affect on response patterns adopted by the rats during training, as opposed to an effect on working memory performance. Notably, the impairment in DMP acquisition did not correlate with the degree of cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus. Despite the deficit, most animals eventually learned the task and reached criterion; however by the end of training, controls and animals that received SAP into either the MS or NBM appeared more likely to use an allocentric place strategy to solve the task, whereas animals that received SAP into both the MS and NBM were more likely to use an egocentric response strategy. Cholinergic lesions also produced a small but significant affect on acquisition of the CA task, but only with respect to response time, and only in the SAP-NBM-treated animals. SAP-NBM lesions also produced small but significant impairments in both the number of responses and response time during the acquisition of simple associations, possibly reflecting an effect on alertness or attention. Notably, the effects on CA acquisition were small, and like the effects on DMP acquisition did not correlate with the degree of cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus. We conclude that selective basal forebrain cholinergic lesions produce learning deficits that are task specific, and that cholinergic denervation of either the frontal cortex or hippocampus can affect response patterns and strategy in ways that affect learning, without necessarily reflecting deficits in working memory performance.

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Section: Effects On Ca Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Cholinergic lesions produce task-selective effects on delayed matching to position and configural association learning related to response pattern and strategy

Gibbs

Johnson

2007

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…Estrogen's task-specific effects in humans appear similar to those observed in rodents. Thus, estrogens enhance performance in rats and humans on some types of seemingly related memory tasks (e.g., working memory, verbal memory) and impair performance on others (e.g., reference memory, spatial memory) (Dohanich, 2002). Presumably such influences reflect common neural processes dependent upon one or both of the known estrogen receptors (ER), namely ERα & ERβ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen replacement therapy induces functional asymmetry on an odor memory/discrimination test

2008

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The secondary afferents of the olfactory system largely project to the ipsilateral cortex without synapsing in the thalamus, making unilateral olfactory testing a useful probe of ipsilateral hemispheric activity. In light of evidence that lateralized performance on some perceptual tasks may be influenced by estrogen, we assessed left:right nostril differences in two measures of olfactory function in 14 post-menopausal women receiving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and 48 postmenopausal women receiving no such therapy. Relative to women not taking ERT, those receiving ERT exhibited better performance in the left nostril and poorer performance in the right nostril on an odor memory/discrimination test. Similar laterality effects were not observed for an odor detection threshold test employing phenyl ethyl alcohol. These results suggest that estrogen influences the lateralization of an odor memory/discrimination task and that hormone replacement therapy in the menopause may be an excellent paradigm for understanding lateralizing effects of hormones on some sensory processes.

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“…NP and MP females did not significantly differ in measured levels of serum estradiol, testosterone, or progesterone, hormones that can affect memory and anxiety (Dohanich, 2002). While only examined on day of sacrifice, vaginal cytology indicated that the majority of females in both groups were in an estrus state, as evidenced by the presence of primarily cornified epithelial cells (data not shown).…”

Section: Multiparity Did Not Affect Serum Hormone Levelsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of multiparity on recognition memory, monoaminergic neurotransmitters, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

Macbeth

Scharfman

MacLusky

et al. 2008

Hormones and Behavior

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Recognition memory and anxiety were examined in nulliparous (NP: 0 litters) and multiparous (MP: 5-6 litters) middle-aged female rats (12 months old) to assess possible enduring effects of multiparity at least 3 months after last litter was weaned. MP females performed significantly better than NP females on the non-spatial memory task, object recognition, and the spatial memory task, object placement. Anxiety as measured on the elevated plus maze did not differ between groups. Monoaminergic activity and levels were measured in prefrontal cortex, CA1 hippocampus, CA3 hippocampus, and olfactory bulb (OB). NP and MP females differed in monoamine concentrations in the OB only, with MP females having significantly greater concentrations of dopamine and metabolite DOPAC, norepinephrine and metabolite MHPG, and the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA, as compared to NP females. These results indicate a long-term change in OB neurochemistry as a result of multiparity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also measured in hippocampus (CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus), and septum. MP females had higher BDNF levels in both CA1 and septum; as these regions are implicated in memory performance, elevated BDNF may underlie the observed memory task differences. Thus, MP females (experiencing multiple bouts of pregnancy, birth, and pup rearing during the first year of life) displayed enhanced memory task performance, but equal anxiety responses, as compared to NP females. These results are consistent with previous studies showing long-term changes in behavioral function in MP, as compared to NP, rats, and suggest that alterations in monoamines and a neurotrophin, BDNF, may contribute to the observed behavioral changes.

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Gonadal Steroids, Learning, and Memory

Cited by 84 publications

References 546 publications

Cholinergic lesions produce task-selective effects on delayed matching to position and configural association learning related to response pattern and strategy

Cholinergic lesions produce task-selective effects on delayed matching to position and configural association learning related to response pattern and strategy

Estrogen replacement therapy induces functional asymmetry on an odor memory/discrimination test

Effects of multiparity on recognition memory, monoaminergic neurotransmitters, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

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