Gonadal Function and the Development of Coronary Heart Disease

Ritterband, Arnold B.; Jaffe, Israeli A.; Densen, Paul M.; Magagna, Jeanne; Reed, Elizabeth

doi:10.1161/01.cir.27.2.237

Cited by 101 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Oliver (16) found that 20 out of 100 women with coronary heart disease who were aged 23-44 were postmenopausal before the development of ischemic heart disease. Others have found no association between early menopause (spontaneous or post gynecological operations) and an increased risk of MI (17)(18)(19). Our study shows that patients with MI have a statistically significant earlier menopausal age than the controls (Student's t=test, 0.0K P value <0.02).…”

Section: Age Of Menopausesupporting

confidence: 39%

Sexual Life and Sexual Frigidity Among Women Developing Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abramov¹

1976

Psychosomatic Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The various aspects of the sexual life of 100 female patients aged 40-60 with acute myocardial infarction were compared with those of a control group of 100 female patients of the same age, hospitalized for other diseases. Sexual frigidity and dissatisfaction were found among 65% of the coronary patients as compared with 24% of the controls. The commonest cause for sexual dissatisfaction was premature ejaculation or impotence in the husband. The incidence of premarital sexual relations was greater among the frigid patients when compared with those who achieved orgasm. The coronary patients had an earlier menopausal age than the controls. The number of coronary patients who underwent artificial abortions in the past was lower than in the control group. All these findings were statistically significant at a level of P less than 0.05. No connection was found between extramarital relations and sexual frigidity. There was no relation found between sexual frigidity and diabetes, essential hypertension, marital status, pathological gynecological findings, or localization of the infarction. Until now, sexual frigidity and dissatisfaction appear to have been a neglected aspect in the female coronary patient.

show abstract

Section: Age Of Menopausesupporting

confidence: 39%

Sexual Life and Sexual Frigidity Among Women Developing Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abramov¹

1976

Psychosomatic Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…15 The evidence is contradictory as to whether estrogen deficiency (due to oophorectomy or natural menopause) exacerbates coronary artery atherosclerosis in women. 23 " 25 Recent evidence suggests that relatively high androgenic activity is associated with central fat deposition in women. 26 The findings of the present study suggest that female cynomolgus monkeys may provide an animal model to investigate the role of sex steroids in body fat distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fat distribution as a risk factor for coronary artery atherosclerosis in female cynomolgus monkeys.

Shively¹,

Clarkson²,

Miller³

et al. 1987

Arteriosclerosis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Central fat deposition Is associated with Increased risk of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality In women. Subcutaneous fat distribution was Investigated as a potential factor that might exacerbate diet-Induced coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA) in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fasclcularls) which share with North American Caucasian women a gender-related protection against CAA. In a retrospective necropsy study (n = 36), the distribution of the antemortem ratio of subscapular/ triceps sklnfold thickness was divided at the mean and the two resulting groups were designated high and low for this variable. CAA was quantified as the mean crosssectional Intlmal area based on nine coronary artery sections. The extent of CAA was significantly greater In the high sklnfold ratio group as compared to the low sklnfold ratio group. Ponderosity was closely associated with the sklnfold ratio but was not a useful predictor of CAA. These findings suggest that female cynomolgus macaques may provide a primate model of the health consequences of regional fat distribution in women. (Arteriosclerosis 7:226-231, May/June 1987) T here is an emerging interest in body fat distribution, rather than quantity, as a risk factor for coronary artery' atherosclerosis (CAA). It has been shown that weight gain after reaching adulthood is a more sensitive predictor of subsequent coronary heart disease than actual weight 1 and that fat accumulated in adulthood tends to be distributed more centrally than peripherally.2 -3 Several studies indicate that a central pattern of fat deposition is associated with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, 45 hypertension, 6 lipid metabolism, 2 ' 5~8 and risk of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. 8 The distribution of fat has a stronger relationship with coronary heart disease than obesity. 8 -9 The interaction between obesity and fat distribution as risk factors for coronary heart disease and death from all causes in women appears to be a paradoxical effect in need of further study. 8 In view of the potential insight to be gained from further investigation of fat distribution as a cardiovascular risk factor, it would be helpful to have an animal model in which to study this phenomenon. Female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) share with Caucasian North American women protection against CAA.10 However, some of these monkeys, like some women, are not protected. Specifically, it is known that female Macaca fascicularis that are socially subordinate 10 ' 11 and those that have poorFrom the Arteriosclerosis Research Center, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.This work was supported in part by Nonhuman Primate Models Contract #N01 HV 72978 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.Address for reprints: Dr. Carol A. Shivery, Arteriosclerosis Research Center, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103. Received December 5,1985; revision accepted December 29, 1986. ...

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Of gravest potential concern, several studies have shown that premenopausal hysterectomy, even with the preservation of one or both ovaries, is associated with a three times greater incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease. 12,[15][16][17][18][19] In the Framingham study, 18 women with premenopausal hysterectomy had relative odds of new onset coronary heart disease two to seven times greater than other premenopausal women of the same age. The relative odds ratio was the same whether or not the ovaries were preserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone Supplemental Therapy after Hysterectomy with or without Concomitant Oophorectomy: Estrogen Alone Is Not Enough

Rako

2000

Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hysterectomy has the potential for generating serious consequences in terms of health, including two to seven times greater incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease, and quality of life, including loss of sexual libido and pleasure. More than a half-million American women undergo hysterectomy every year. Both in premenopausal women and in postmenopausal women, the ovaries are a critical source not only of estrogen but also of testosterone. Even in instances where ovaries have been spared on removal of the uterus, their function may be compromised. Today, women for whom estrogen replacement therapy is not contraindicated are routinely given supplemental estrogen following hysterectomy/oophorectomy. Many women develop and suffer symptoms of testosterone deficiency that go unrecognized and untreated. Testosterone supplemental therapy for women following hysterectomy not only can improve the quality of their lives in terms of sexual libido, sexual pleasure, and sense of well-being but also can--as does supplementary estrogen--contribute to the prevention of osteoporosis. Most importantly, an increasing body of evidence suggests that testosterone may be cardiovascular protective. As testosterone, the most potent anabolic steroid, has some anabolic effect on virtually every tissue in the body, it is likely that supplementing testosterone to physiological levels contributes to health maintenance in as yet undefined ways and that testosterone deficiency in women may be costing more in morbidity and mortality than we know at present.

show abstract

Gonadal Function and the Development of Coronary Heart Disease

Cited by 101 publications

References 24 publications

Sexual Life and Sexual Frigidity Among Women Developing Acute Myocardial Infarction

Sexual Life and Sexual Frigidity Among Women Developing Acute Myocardial Infarction

Body fat distribution as a risk factor for coronary artery atherosclerosis in female cynomolgus monkeys.

Testosterone Supplemental Therapy after Hysterectomy with or without Concomitant Oophorectomy: Estrogen Alone Is Not Enough

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About