Gonadal development of triploid Atlantic Cod <i>Gadus morhua</i>

Feindel, Nathaniel J.; Benfey, Tillmann J.; Trippel, Edward A.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02955.x

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Feindel et al 2011). This is promising as it indicates that triploid females will not mature before harvest, and growth rates will increase through reduced investment in gonad production.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendations To Reduce The Escape Of Atlamentioning

confidence: 89%

Extent and ecological importance of escape through spawning in sea-cages for Atlantic cod

Uglem¹,

Knutsen²,

Kjesbu³

et al. 2012

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The culture of certain fish species to sizes at which they can reproduce has led to the escape of fertilised eggs or 'escape through spawning'. To investigate the extent and ecological importance of spawning in sea-cages for Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (L.), we (1) evaluated the extent, frequency and timing of spawning in cod culture; (2) analysed the quality of eggs released from farms in terms of variation in fatty acids; (3) modelled the distribution of eggs and larvae from a commercial cod culture site; and (4) predicted the post-escape survival of eggs through summarizing existing knowledge on survival rates of different life stages. Collectively, our results indicate that cod farming has the potential to produce large amounts of eggs and larvae through spawning in cages, with numbers of eggs spawned being 4 to 5 times higher in the second than in the first year. Our scenarios suggest that a typical sea-cage with 60 000 fish may produce 1.4 to 21 tons of 3 yr old first generation farmed cod through spawning in sea-cages. The quality of escaped eggs and larvae is likely to be sufficient for larvae to survive until the first feeding, while survival until adulthood, though difficult to predict, may be high under favourable conditions. Simulations indicate that eggs and larvae from farms may mix with those of wild fish during the spawning season, and thus experience comparable larval environments. However, several implementable management measures exist that will diminish the extent of egg escape in future cod farming.

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“…Feindel et al 2011). This is promising as it indicates that triploid females will not mature before harvest, and growth rates will increase through reduced investment in gonad production.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendations To Reduce The Escape Of Atlamentioning

confidence: 89%

Extent and ecological importance of escape through spawning in sea-cages for Atlantic cod

Uglem¹,

Knutsen²,

Kjesbu³

et al. 2012

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…The difference between diploid and triploid was already noticeable through oocytes degradation leading to sterility. Gametogenesis disorders causing sterility in triploid fish has been reported repeatedly in fish such as tench (Flajshans et al, 2010), carp (Yu et al, 2011), and Gadus morhua (Feindel et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triploid striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus: growth performance and gonadal development

Ibrahim¹,

Soelistyowati²,

Carman³

2017

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia

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This study was aimed to evaluate the growth performance and gonadal development of diploid and triploid striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Triploids were produced through a heat shock method at 42 °C for two min, at two min after fertilization. Before treatment performed, group of triploid and diploid were separated through nucleolus counting confirmed cromoseme counting. Five individual of each group at the age of nine months were tagged and reared for two months. Parameter of growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate were analysed using independent-samples t-test at confidence interval 95%, while gonadosomatic index (GSI) and gonad histology were analysed descriptively. No significant differences were observed between diploid and triploid fish in terms of growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate (P>0.05) during the two months rearing period, while GSI was higher in diploid (P<0.05) compared to triploid females. Histological observations of triploid female gonads showed early development stage, indicating sterility through symptoms such as oocytes degradation and abnormal development. Meanwhile, male gonad developed faster compared to female as spermatids were found in several lobules. As conclusion, diploid and triploid striped catfish P. hypophthalmus growth performance did not differ up to the age of 11 months, although some sterility symptoms were observed in both male and female.Keywords: diploid, triploid, growth, gonad, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gonad ikan patin siam Pangasianodon hypophthalmus diploid dan triploid. Triploid diproduksi dengan kejut suhu panas pada suhu 42 °C selama dua menit, pada dua menit setelah fertilisasi. Sebelum pengujian, kelompok diploid dan triploid dipisahkan dengan menganalisis jumlah nukleolus yang dikonfirmasi dengan penghitungan jumlah kromosom. Masing-masing lima ekor ikan diploid dan triploid pada umur sembilan bulan ditandai dan dipelihara selama dua bulan. Parameter pertumbuhan, rasio konversi pakan, dan kelangsungan hidup dianalisis menggunakan independent-samples t-test pada selang kepercayaan 95% sedangkan gonadosomatik indeks (GSI) dan histologi gonad dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pertumbuhan, rasio konversi pakan, dan kelangsungan hidup antara diploid dan triploid selama dua bulan pemeliharaan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P>0,05). Nilai GSI diploid lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan triploid, baik pada jantan maupun betina. Hasil histologi menunjukkan bahwa gonad ikan patin betina masih pada tahap perkembangan awal. Namun, indikasi steril terlihat dengan adanya degradasi oosit dan perkembangannya yang terganggu. Gonad jantan berkembang lebih cepat dibandingkan betina, dengan ditemukannya spermatid pada beberapa lobule. Gonad jantan triploid menunjukkan adanya gejala sterilitas tetapi tidak permanen, sebagian masih mampu berkembang hingga fase spermatid, namun jumlahnya lebih sedikit dibandingkan diploid. Be...

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“…Other attempts at reducing farmed cod reproductive efforts have included manipulations of their diet (periodic starvation versus full rations) (Karlsen et al 1995) and triploidy, a process which results in cod with 3 sets of chromosomes, effectively rendering them sterile; this was successful on female cod. Although the males developed testes and sperm, the sperm were aneuploid and therefore sterile (Feindel et al 2011). At present, as long as cod are able to spawn in sea cages, embryos will escape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photoperiod manipulation, which hinders farmed Atlantic salmon from maturing, has been attempted with Atlantic cod without success (Trippel et al 2011a). Triploidy can be used to create females that do not mature, but is not effective for males, which would be capable of spawning with wild cod if they escaped (Feindel et al 2011). In this study we explored forced within-cage single generation inbreeding as another possible tool to mitigate the long-term effects of escaping embryos on wild cod populations, should inbred offspring face significantly reduced fitness and survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using purposeful inbreeding to reduce outbreeding depression caused by escaped farmed Atlantic cod

Puckrin¹,

Purchase²,

Trippel³

2013

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Fish often escape from aquaculture operations, raising concerns of interactions with wild individuals. Farmed fish from genetically diverse populations grown outside their native range create the threat of outbreeding depression if they escape and interbreed with wild fish. Atlantic cod Gadus morhua spawn within cages, releasing millions of embryos into the environment, some of which may live to reproduce. Due to selective breeding, fewer breeding individuals are used in culture relative to wild populations, potentially leading to inbreeding within single cages. If inbreeding reduces survival, this could reduce the likelihood of outbreeding depression if maturing escaped cod mate with wild cod. Forced inbreeding could be used to mitigate some effects of aquaculture on the environment. We aimed to determine if cod inbreed and, if so, what short-term effects inbreeding has on offspring. Spawned embryos from tanks of sister− brother− unrelated male trios underwent microsatellite analysis to determine parentage. Inbreeding occurred, and females did not prefer one type of male over the other. Percent hatch, deformities, larval size, and mortality were monitored in artificially fertilized inbred and unrelated crosses. Percent hatch was higher in non-inbred offspring, but inbreeding had no significant effect on the other factors.

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Gonadal development of triploid Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Extent and ecological importance of escape through spawning in sea-cages for Atlantic cod

Extent and ecological importance of escape through spawning in sea-cages for Atlantic cod

Triploid striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus: growth performance and gonadal development

Using purposeful inbreeding to reduce outbreeding depression caused by escaped farmed Atlantic cod

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