GOMS analysis as a tool to investigate the usability of web units for disabled users

Schrepp, Martin

doi:10.1007/s10209-009-0155-2

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Schrepp [21] proposes GOMS models of keyboard navigation based on the use of the tab key and visual feedback, and discusses the challenges inherent in modeling screen reader interactions, pointing out that Takagi et al's 'reaching time' model does not include cognitive decision times or other user operations.…”

Section: Cognitive Models In Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a tool for keystroke level modeling of skilled screen reading

Trewin

John

Richards

et al. 2010

Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

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Designers often have no access to individuals who use screen reading software, and may have little understanding of how their design choices impact these users. We explore here whether cognitive models of auditory interaction could provide insight into screen reader usability. By comparing human data with a toolgenerated model of a practiced task performed using a screen reader, we identify several requirements for such models and tools. Most important is the need to represent parallel execution of hearing with thinking and acting. Rules for placement of cognitive operators that were developed for visual user interfaces may not be applicable in the auditory domain. Other mismatches between the data and the model were attributed to the extremely fast listening rate and differences between the typing patterns of screen reader usage and the model's assumptions. This work informs the development of more accurate models of auditory interaction. Tools incorporating such models could help designers create user interfaces that are well tuned for screen reader users, without the need for modeling expertise.

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Section: Cognitive Models In Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a tool for keystroke level modeling of skilled screen reading

Trewin

John

Richards

et al. 2010

Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

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“…Schrepp [17] adapts goals, operators, methods and selection rules (GOMS) to those users that rely on keyboard navigation and employ an exhaustive scanning strategy (see figure 2 (b)). Trewin et al [19] address the accommodation of the motor, perceptual and cognitive actions of one blind user to the low-level behaviours modeled by keystroke modeling level (KLM).…”

Section: The Navigation Techniques Of Screen Reader Usersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging information foraging theory

Vigo

Harper

2013

Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media

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Little is known about the navigation tactics employed by screen reader users when they face problematic situations on the Web. Understanding how these tactics are operationalised and knowing the situations that bring about such tactics paves the way towards modeling navigation behaviour. Modeling the navigation of users is of utmost importance as it allows not only to predict interactive behaviour, but also to assess the appropriateness of the content in a link, the information architecture of a site and the design of a web page. Current navigation models do not consider the extreme adaptations, namely coping tactics, that screen reader users undergo on the Web. Consequently, their prediction power is lessened and coping tactics are mistakenly considered outlying behaviours. We draw from existing navigation models for sighted users to suggest the incorporation of emerging behaviours in navigation models for screen reader users. To do so, we identify the navigation coping tactics screen reader users exhibit on the Web, including deliberately clicking on low scented links, escaping from useless or inaccessible content and backtracking to a shelter. Our findings suggest that, especially in problematic situations, navigation is not driven by information scent or utility, but by the need of increasing autonomy and the need of escaping from the current web patch.

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“…Background GOMS analysis has been successfully used to estimate the user's performance in different interaction scenarios including web sites (Schrepp, 2010;Oyewole and Haight, 2011), touch screens (Abdulin, 2011) and motor vehicles (Xiang and Xiaoli, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an automatic user profiling system for online information sites

Andrés

Pariente

González-Rodríguez

et al. 2015

Online Information Review

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to identify demographic differences based on how users interact with web applications. The research is needed to develop future systems able to adapt the representation of online information to the user's specific needs and preferences improving its usability. The following question guides this quest: is there a direct relationship between age and/or gender and interaction? Design/methodology/approach -GOMS (goals, operators, methods, and selection rules) analysis was used to reduce complex interaction tasks into basic operators like pointing, dragging, typing, etc. An experiment was designed to analyse the user performance in the use of these operators through five complex tasks: point-and-click, drag-and-drop, text selection, text edition and menu selection. The sample comprises 592 individuals which took part in the experiment. The performance was analysed using multivariate regression analysis. User laterality and the the user experience were used as control variables. Findings -The factors studied are significant enough to support user classification. The analysis evidenced that men performed significantly better than women when executing interaction pointing and dragging GOMS's operators, but no significant differences arose with regard to the performance in the typing operators. Older users performed worse in all the interaction tasks. No significant performance differences were detected between left and right-handed users.Research limitations/implications -The study pretends to lay the ground for developing artificial intelligence-based classification systems (e.g. neural networks, decision trees, etc.) able to detect significant differences in user performance, classifying users according to their age, gender and laterality. Practical implications -This user profiling would drive the organisation, selection and representation of the online information according to the specific preferences and needs of each user. This would allow the design of new personalisation algorithms able to perform dynamic adaptation of user interfaces in order to improve the usability of online information systems. Originality/value -This work extends previous research on user performance under a new approach and improved accuracy. First, it relies on the combined and simultaneous analysis of ageing and gender and the use of user laterality and experience as control variables. Second, the use of the GOMS analysis allowed the design of tests that closely resemble the user interaction in online

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GOMS analysis as a tool to investigate the usability of web units for disabled users

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Towards a tool for keystroke level modeling of skilled screen reading

Towards a tool for keystroke level modeling of skilled screen reading

Challenging information foraging theory

Towards an automatic user profiling system for online information sites

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