Gome measurements of stratospheric and tropospheric BrO

Richter, Andreas; Wittrock, F.; Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, A.; Burrows, J. P.

doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00123-0

Cited by 126 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…The large gradient in the tropopause height in the subtropics leads to a maximum in the vertical column of BrO in that region. The maximum values are reached only in the subtropics, whereas in most parts of the troposphere the model BrO vertical columns are somewhat smaller than the tropospheric vertical BrO columns of <1-3×10 13 molec cm −2 that were derived from comparisons of satellite, balloon, and ground measurements (Pundt et al, 2000;Van Roozendael et al, 2002;Richter et al, 2002). For this reason, the results presented here should be regarded as a conservative estimate of the overall effects of bromine chemistry in the free troposphere and, as mentioned before, a lower limit for the boundary layer.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…comm.). Satellite observations showed the widespread presence of BrO in the troposphere outside the polar regions (Wagner and Platt, 1998;Pundt et al, 2000;Fitzenberger et al, 2000; Correspondence to: R. von Glasow (Roland.von.Glasow@iup.uni-heidelberg.de) Wagner et al, 2001;Van Roozendael et al, 2002;Richter et al, 2002;Hollwedel et al, 2003) with global background vertical columns of about 1−3×10 13 molec cm −2 , corresponding to BrO mixing ratios of 0.5-2 pmol mol −1 if uniformly mixed in the troposphere. Comparisons with balloon and ground based measurements in mid and high northern latitudes (between 42 and 68 • N, Harder et al (1998); Fitzenberger et al (2000); Van Roozendael et al (2002)) as well as the diurnal variation of ground based BrO column measurements (Van Roozendael et al, 2002) indicated that the tropospheric BrO was mainly located within the free troposphere (FT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere

et al. 2004

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Abstract.Recently several field campaigns and satellite observations have found strong indications for the presence of bromine oxide (BrO) in the free troposphere. Using a global atmospheric chemistry transport model we show that BrO mixing ratios of a few tenths to 2 pmol mol −1 lead to a reduction in the zonal mean O 3 mixing ratio of up to 18% in widespread areas and regionally up to 40% compared to a model run without bromine chemistry. A lower limit approach for the marine boundary layer, that does not explicitly include the release of halogens from sea salt aerosol, shows that for dimethyl sulfide (DMS) the effect is even larger, with up to 60% reduction of its tropospheric column. This is accompanied by dramatic changes in DMS oxidation pathways, reducing its cooling effect on climate. In addition there are changes in the HO 2 : OH ratio that also affect NO x and PAN. These results imply that potentially significant strong sinks for O 3 and DMS have so far been ignored in many studies of the chemistry of the troposphere.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere

et al. 2004

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“…In this study, the GOME BrO and SO 2 slant column densities over active volcanoes have been derived using a DOAS retrieval as described by Richter et al [2002] and Eisinger and Burrows [1998].…”

Section: Instruments and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

BrO emission from volcanoes: A survey using GOME and SCIAMACHY measurements

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Richter

Sierk

et al. 2004

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Volcanic eruptions are known to be a major source of SO 2 and some reactive halogen species notably HCl and HF. Recent studies have however observed the presence of large amounts of BrO with tight correlation to SO 2 in a volcanic plume by ground-based spectroscopic measurements. In this work, upper limits of BrO columns have been estimated for a number of volcanic eruptions observed in measurements made by two satellite instruments -the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), and the new SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). The results obtained for the eruptions covered by satellite overpasses over the Etna, Nyamuragira, Popocatépetl, and Reventador volcanoes show no correlation between enhanced volcanic SO 2 during large eruptions and the corresponding BrO columns. Evidence for BrO enhancement was also not found in the vicinity of the Soufrière Hills volcanoes. The possible reasons for the differences between ground-based and satellite observations are considered.

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“…Observations from space (e.g., Richter et al, 2002;Van Roozendael et al, 2002), ground-based Theys et al, 2007) and balloon-borne (Harder et al, 1998;Fitzenberger et al, 2000) instruments have shown that inorganic bromine may be produced and sustained in the free troposphere at the global scale. Elaborating on these observations, modelling results (von Glasow et al, 2004;Lary, 2005;Yang et al, 2005Yang et al, , 2010 have shown that freetropospheric bromine might have a significant impact on the tropospheric ozone budget (and on tropospheric chemistry in general), leading to a reduction in the O 3 mixing ratio of up to 40% locally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satellite UV-visible nadir instruments, such as GOME/ERS-2, SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT, GOME-2/MetOp-A and OMI/Aura, offer the unique capability to study and monitor BrO at the global scale (Chance, 1998;Richter et al, 1998Richter et al, , 2002Van Roozendael et al, 2002;Wagner and Platt, 1998). However, a quantitative and refined interpretation of the satellite BrO observations requires to resolve the measured total BrO columns into their stratospheric and tropospheric contributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global observations of tropospheric BrO columns using GOME-2 satellite data

et al. 2011

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Abstract.Measurements from the GOME-2 satellite instrument have been analyzed for tropospheric BrO using a residual technique that combines measured BrO columns and estimates of the stratospheric BrO content from a climatological approach driven by O 3 and NO 2 observations. Comparisons between the GOME-2 results and BrO vertical columns derived from correlative ground-based and SCIAMACHY nadir observations, present a good level of consistency. We show that the adopted technique enables separation of stratospheric and tropospheric fractions of the measured total BrO columns and allows quantitative study of the BrO plumes in polar regions. While some satellite observed plumes of enhanced BrO can be explained by stratospheric descending air, we show that most BrO hotspots are of tropospheric origin, although they are often associated to regions with low tropopause heights as well. Elaborating on simulations using the p-TOMCAT tropospheric chemical transport model, this result is found to be consistent with the mechanism of bromine release through sea salt aerosols production during blowing snow events. No definitive conclusion can be drawn however on the importance of blowing snow sources in comparison to other bromine release mechanisms. Outside polar regions, evidence is provided for a global tropospheric BrO background with column of 1-3 × 10 13 molec cm −2 , consistent with previous estimates.

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Gome measurements of stratospheric and tropospheric BrO

Cited by 126 publications

References 8 publications

Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere

Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere

BrO emission from volcanoes: A survey using GOME and SCIAMACHY measurements

Global observations of tropospheric BrO columns using GOME-2 satellite data

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