Gold Nanoparticles: Interesting Optical Properties and Recent Applications in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy

Huang, Xiaohua; Jain, Prashant K.; El‐Sayed, Ivan H.; El‐Sayed, Mostafa A.

doi:10.2217/17435889.2.5.681

Cited by 1,319 publications

(859 citation statements)

References 174 publications

(211 reference statements)

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“…Our XPS results show that the Ag3d 5/2 peak has binding energy at about 368.6 eV for all examined adsorbents except for lignin, where this peak is situated at 369.5 eV and can be attributed to the ''charge transfer states'' discussed in some reports (Huang et al 2007). Positive corelevel shifts for Ag3d 5/2 have also been reported for extremely small Ag particles approaching 2 nm in diameter (Link and El-Sayed 1999).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Adsorption Of Ag 1 Ionssupporting

confidence: 72%

Adsorption of Ag+ ions on hydrolyzed lignocellulosic materials based on willow, paulownia, wheat straw and maize stalks

Vassileva

Radoykova

Detcheva

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In the present work, the adsorption of Ag ? ions on hydrolyzed plant biomass (willow, paulownia, wheat straw and maize stalks) was investigated. Chemical analyses were performed to establish the composition of the obtained materials. Adsorption mechanism, adsorption sites and specific surface areas of these materials were examined by BET analysis, IR spectroscopy, XPS and EPR. The effects of contact time, acidity of initial solutions and Ag ? ion concentrations were followed. Pseudo-firstorder, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models were used to analyze kinetic data. In all cases, the adsorption was significantly affected by the pH value. Different types of adsorption isotherms of Ag ? ions (either Langmuir or Freundlich) were registered depending on the adsorbing material. The adsorption mechanism is complex, and the process passes through different stages as clustering of Ag ? ions and formation of elemental Ag. The maximal adsorption capacities varied from 2.05 to 6.07 mg g -1 . The obtained results revealed that the examined waste lignocellulosic materials are promising adsorbents for Ag ? ions.

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Section: Mechanism Of Adsorption Of Ag 1 Ionssupporting

confidence: 72%

Adsorption of Ag+ ions on hydrolyzed lignocellulosic materials based on willow, paulownia, wheat straw and maize stalks

Vassileva

Radoykova

Detcheva

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Although the development of GNRs is rapidly increasing, their toxicity evaluation is imperative, regarding the biosafety issue in diverse applications, especially in medical areas 2. Despite the previously reported diverse cytotoxicities,3 the hemocompatibility evaluation and improvement of the nanomaterial is of great importance, considering that most of the GNRs are delivered to the target organs through blood circulation system; and special attention should be paid to the possible hematological effects of GNRs when they encounter erythrocytes in blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological Effects of Gold Nanorods on Erythrocytes: Hemolysis and Hemoglobin Conformational and Functional Changes

et al. 2017

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Gold nanorods (GNRs) are a unique class of metal nanostructures that have attractive potentials in biomedical applications, and the concern on their biological safety is concomitantly increasing. Hemocompatibility is extremely important as their contact with blood circulation is unavoidable during in vivo delivery. Herein, two kinds of GNRs coated with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C‐GNRs) or poly(sodium‐p‐styrenesulfonate) are used to test their potential toxicological effects in blood. C‐GNRs with positive surface charges efficiently induce hemolysis when encountering erythrocytes. Cellular internalization of C‐GNRs is found, and they subsequently bind with hemoglobin, forming bioconjugates. The interaction between hemoglobin and C‐GNR (stoichiometry 32.7:1) is regulated by electrostatic forces. Chromophores like tryptophan (Trp) are found to interact with C‐GNRs, causing enhancement in fluorescence intensity. The conformation of protein is partially altered, evidenced by decrease in α‐helical, increase in β‐sheet and random coil of hemoglobin. Although C‐GNRs do not essentially decrease oxygen binding capacity of hemoglobin, they hamper oxygen release from the protein. Heme, the oxygen binding unit, releases from hemoglobin upon C‐GNR treatment, which could contribute to C‐GNR‐induced hemolysis. This study demonstrates the hematological effects of GNRs, revealing their potential risk in biomedical applications.

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“…High photon interaction cross section of gold resulting from its high atomic number and electron density increases the possibility of dose absorption by GNPs. Because of the strong photoelectric absorption and secondary electron released by low energy gamma‐ray or X‐ray irradiation, GNPs can increase in dose enhancement factor (DEF) which will accelerate DNA strand breaks 29 , 30 , 31 . DEF is defined as the ratio of the absorbed dose by the tumor containing GNPs to the absorbed dose by the tumor without these nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoparticle‐based brachytherapy enhancement in choroidal melanoma using a full Monte Carlo model of the human eye

Asadi

Vaezzadeh

Masoudi

et al. 2015

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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The effects of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in 125I brachytherapy dose enhancement on choroidal melanoma are examined using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. Usually, Monte Carlo ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry is performed in a water phantom. However, here, the compositions of human eye have been considered instead of water. Both human eye and water phantoms have been simulated with MCNP5 code. These simulations were performed for a fully loaded 16 mm COMS eye plaque containing 13 125I seeds. The dose delivered to the tumor and normal tissues have been calculated in both phantoms with and without GNPs. Normally, the radiation therapy of cancer patients is designed to deliver a required dose to the tumor while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. However, as the normal and cancerous cells absorbed dose in an almost identical fashion, the normal tissue absorbed radiation dose during the treatment time. The use of GNPs in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of tumor decreases the absorbed dose by normal tissues. The results indicate that the dose to the tumor in an eyeball implanted with COMS plaque increases with increasing GNPs concentration inside the target. Therefore, the required irradiation time for the tumors in the eye is decreased by adding the GNPs prior to treatment. As a result, the dose to normal tissues decreases when the irradiation time is reduced. Furthermore, a comparison between the simulated data in an eye phantom made of water and eye phantom made of human eye composition, in the presence of GNPs, shows the significance of utilizing the composition of eye in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry Also, defining the eye composition instead of water leads to more accurate calculations of GNPs radiation effects in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry.PACS number: 87.53.Jw, 87.85.Rs, 87.10.Rt

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Gold Nanoparticles: Interesting Optical Properties and Recent Applications in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy

Cited by 1,319 publications

References 174 publications

Adsorption of Ag+ ions on hydrolyzed lignocellulosic materials based on willow, paulownia, wheat straw and maize stalks

Adsorption of Ag+ ions on hydrolyzed lignocellulosic materials based on willow, paulownia, wheat straw and maize stalks

Hematological Effects of Gold Nanorods on Erythrocytes: Hemolysis and Hemoglobin Conformational and Functional Changes

Gold nanoparticle‐based brachytherapy enhancement in choroidal melanoma using a full Monte Carlo model of the human eye

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