Gold Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications

Bindhani, Birendra Kumar; Parida, Umesh Kumar; Biswal, S K; Panigrahi, A. K.; Nayak, Padma L.

doi:10.1166/rnn.2013.1034

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The SPR property offers a promising potential in improving a wide range of biomedical applications including colorimetric assay, 62 photoacoustic imaging 63 and photothermal therapy. 64 65 The SPR of Au nanostructures mainly depends on the shape and size, and is also influenced by the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium. The application of Au nanoparticles has also been recently extended to other imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), 66 surface enhanced Raman scattering imaging (SERS), 67 and fluorescence imaging.…”

Section: Gold Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging

Yang¹,

Liao²,

Thakor³

et al. 2014

j biomed nanotechnol

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Imaging techniques have been instrumental in the visualization of fundamental biological processes, identification and diagnosis of diseased states and the development of structure-function relationships at the cellular, tissue and anatomical levels. Together with the advancements made in imaging techniques, complementary chemical compounds, also known as imaging probes or contrast agents, are developed to improve the visibility of the image by enhancing sensitivity, and for the identification and quantitation of specific molecular species or structures. Extensive studies have been conducted to explore the use of inorganic nanoparticles which exhibit magnetic and optical properties unique to the nano regime so as to enhance the signals sensitivity for magnetic resonance and fluorescent imaging. These physical properties are tailored by controlling the size, shape and surface properties of nanoparticles. In addition, surface modification of nanoparticles is often required to improve its stability, compatibility and functionality. Surfactants, surface-active agents, have been used to engineer the surface characteristics of nanoparticles to improved particle stability and functionality. Surfactants enhance nanoparticle stability through the reduction of surface energy, and by acting as a barrier to agglomeration through either steric hindrance or repulsive electrostatic forces. Coupling of nanoparticles with biomolecules such as antibodies or tumor targeting peptides are enabled by the presence of functional groups (e.g., carboxyl or amine groups) on surfactants. This paper provides an overview of the chemistry underlying the synthesis and surface modification of nanomaterials together with a discussion on how the physical properties (e.g., magnetic, absorption and luminescent) can be controlled. The applications of these nanoparticles for magnetic resonance, fluorescent and photoacoustic imaging techniques that do not rely on ionizing radiation are also covered in this review.

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Section: Gold Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging

Yang¹,

Liao²,

Thakor³

et al. 2014

j biomed nanotechnol

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“…Gold nanomaterials have a variety of potential applications, including gene and drug delivery, 200 cell imaging, 201 thermotherapy, 202 and colorimetric detection of biomolecules and ions. 203–205 Nowadays, the synthesis and modification of gold nanomaterials can be effectively manipulated, and spheroids, rods, dodecahedra, octahedra, and cubes can be designed with a high level of precision. 206 The surface can also be modified with chemical functional groups, including amines, lipids, antibodies, peptides, oligonucleotides, and small molecules.…”

Section: Inorganic Nanoscale Materials As Potential Adjuvants In Pharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosafe Nanoscale Pharmaceutical Adjuvant Materials

Jin¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

j biomed nanotechnol

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Thanks to developments in the field of nanotechnology over the past decades, more and more biosafe nanoscale materials have become available for use as pharmaceutical adjuvants in medical research. Nanomaterials possess unique properties which could be employed to develop drug carriers with longer circulation time, higher loading capacity, better stability in physiological conditions, controlled drug release, and targeted drug delivery. In this review article, we will review recent progress in the application of representative organic, inorganic and hybrid biosafe nanoscale materials in pharmaceutical research, especially focusing on nanomaterial-based novel drug delivery systems. In addition, we briefly discuss the advantages and notable functions that make these nanomaterials suitable for the design of new medicines; the biosafety of each material discussed in this article is also highlighted to provide a comprehensive understanding of their adjuvant attributes.

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“…Representative of these nanoprobes includes Au nanoparticles (NPs) [18,19], carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon dots and graphenes) [20][21][22] 3+ -doped NPs are most intriguing due to their superior physicochemical properties, such as long-lived luminescence (from several to tens of milliseconds), large antenna-generated Stokes or anti-Stokes shifts, narrow emission bands, high resistance to photobleaching and photobleaking, and low toxicity [23,24]. Therefore, they are emerging as promising next-generation luminescent nano-bioprobes for versatile biomedical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Representative of these nanoprobes includes Au nanoparticles (NPs) [18,19], carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon dots and graphenes) [20][21][22], polymer NPs [23], silicon NPs [24] and inorganic Ln 3+ -doped NPs [16,25], etc. Among these nanomaterials, Ln 3+ -doped NPs are most intriguing due to their superior physicochemical properties, such as long-lived luminescence (from several to tens of milliseconds), large antenna-generated Stokes or anti-Stokes shifts, narrow emission bands, high resistance to photobleaching and photobleaking, and low toxicity [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic lanthanide nanoprobes for background-free luminescent bioassays

Huang

Zheng

et al. 2015

Sci. China Mater.

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Luminescent bioassay techniques have been widely adopted in a variety of research and medical institutions. However, conventional luminescent bioassays utilizing traditional bioprobes like organic dyes and quantum dots often suffer from the interference of background noise from scattered lights and autofluorescence from biological matrices. To eliminate this disadvantage, the use of inorganic lanthanide (Ln 3+ )-doped nanoparticles (NPs) is an excellent option in view of their superior optical properties, such as the long-lived downshifting luminescence, near-infrared triggered anti-Stokes upconverting luminescence and excitation-free persistent luminescence. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the development of inorganic Ln 3+ -doped NPs as sensitive luminescent bioprobes from their fundamental physicochemical properties to biodetection, including the chemical synthesis, surface functionalization, optical properties and their promising applications for background-free luminescent bioassays. Future efforts and prospects towards this rapidly growing field are also proposed. INTRODUCTIONSensitive and specific bioassay of trace amount of target analytes is essential for a variety of biomedical applications ranging from pharmaceutical preparation to disease diagnosis and therapy [1][2][3]. Among various bioassay methods, luminescent bioassay has received particular attention because of its high sensitivity and good specificity [4,5]. Conventional luminescent bioassay techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), time-resolved (TR) fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and TR-FRET assays have laid the foundation for many modern clinical applications [6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, these bioassays are impeded by the availability of traditional bioprobes like organic dyes, lanthanide (Ln 3+ ) chelates and quantum dots (QDs). The use of these bioprobes has a number of limitations. Organic dyes commonly possess poor photochemical stability and suffer from serious photobleaching [12]. The applicability of QDs is compromised by photoblinking and high toxic- ity of heavy metal elements like cadmium and selenium, especially for in vivo biosensing [13,14]. Moreover, both organic dyes and QDs may induce high background noise and considerable photodamage to the biological samples under ultraviolet (UV) excitation, which deteriorates their detection sensitivity for bioassays [15,16]. Although such background noise can be suppressed by the technique of TR photoluminescence (PL) through the use of the longlived luminescence of Ln 3+ -chelates, the poor photochemical stability, long-term toxicity and high cost of Ln 3+ -chelates remain a major issue [17]. These concerns fuel a crucial demand for the development of a new generation of luminescent bioprobes to circumvent the limitations of traditional ones.Recently, with the explosion of nanoscience and nanotechnology, there is a growing dedication towards the development of diverse luminescent nanoprobes for biodetection ...

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Gold Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging

Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging

Biosafe Nanoscale Pharmaceutical Adjuvant Materials

Inorganic lanthanide nanoprobes for background-free luminescent bioassays

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