Gold Nanomaterial Engineering for Macrophage‐Mediated Inflammation and Tumor Treatment

Abstract

Macrophages play an important role in the body's immune defense process. Phenotype imbalance between M1 and M2 macrophages induced by inflammation‐related disorders and tumor can also be reversibly converted to treat these diseases. As exogenous substances, a large part of gold‐based nanomaterials interact with macrophages once they enter the body, which provides gold nanomaterials a huge advantage to act as imaging contrasts, active substance carriers, and therapeutic agents for macrophage modulation. By cutting off macrophage recruitment, inhibiting macrophage activities, and modulating M1/M2 polarization, gold nanomaterial engineering exerts therapeutic effects on inflammation‐related diseases at target sites. In this review, biological functions of macrophages in inflammation‐related diseases are introduced, the effect of physicochemical factors of gold nanomaterials including size, shape, and surface chemistry is focused on the interaction between macrophages and gold nanomaterials, and the applications of gold nanomaterials are elaborated for tracking and treating these diseases by macrophages. The rational and smart engineering of gold nanomaterials allows a promising platform for macrophage‐mediated inflammation and tumor imaging and treatment.

Pathological examination of blended and co-electrospinning hybrid polycaprolactone/polyurethane nanofibers for soft tissue engineering applications

“…The inflammation process is a protective response which consists of immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. 45 The function of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the inflammatory process, and initiate tissue repair. It is reported that structures with nano-scale features possess surface nano-topography and influence inflammatory cell response.…”

Recent Progress of Surface Modified Nanomaterials for Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species in Organism

“…Considering the upregulated ROS level in the pro-inflammatory cells of the inflammation-related diseases, AuNPs modified with antioxidants have been reported. The functionalized AuNPs can be used as ROS scavenging agents by entering the cells or organisms and exhibit good antioxidative effect . TEMPO and its derivatives are potentially powerful agents for ROS scavenging.…”

The Advances and Biomedical Applications of Imageable Nanomaterials

“…And there also had research on imageable nanomaterials in inflammatory and infectious diseases. For example, gold nanomaterials have shown great application potential in macrophage-mediated inflammation imaging and therapy ( Chen W. et al, 2021 ). And MRI-guided sonodynamic therapy has important implications for drug-resistant deep bacterial infections ( Wang D. et al, 2021 ).…”