Gold Mining Affects Ground Water

Local discontinuous Galerkin approximations to Richards’ equation

“…The difficulties experienced have a number of causes, including highly nonlinear, non-smooth closure relations, and corresponding ill-conditioned Jacobians for some formulations. Several strategies for addressing these difficulties and improving robustness and efficiency include model formulation approaches [18,54,61], improved time integration methods [48,59,61,63,82], variable transformations [87], spline approximation of closure relations [66,76], robust nonlinear solvers [60,62,81,83], scalable linear solvers [83], and local spatial grid refinement approaches [1,52,77]. As a result of these advancements, it is currently expected that a solution to RE can be attained for very coarse spatial discretizations.…”