GM crop cultivation surges, but novel traits languish

Peng, Wayne

doi:10.1038/nbt.1842

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…5 The EU has strict, if not the strictest, legislation on the use of GM crops: data requirements for human health and environmental risk assessments tend to be greater than elsewhere; traceability and labeling requirements are among the most onerous in the world; and there are extensive proposals about coexistence to maintain separation between GM and non-GM production. [5][6][7][8] Decision-making also is lengthy and unpredictable, particularly for applications for cultivation approvals: no cultivation approvals were granted between 1998, when T25 maize and MON810 maize were approved, and 2010 when the Amflora potato was approved 9 ; and some applications have been under review for 15 years. 10 There are many ideas about why EU legislation is stricter than elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Major factors determining the small proportion of worldwide GM crop cultivation in the EU are legislation, regulation and their capricious implementation. The sale of seed and the cultivation of GM crops are regulated under laws controlling the use of pesticides and plant pests, or laws that were created specifically to control the use of GM plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Commercializing genetically modified crops under EU regulations

Raybould

Poppy

2012

GM Crops & Food

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agriculture faces serious problems in feeding 9 billion people by 2050: production must be increased and ecosystem services maintained under conditions for growing crops that are predicted to worsen in many parts of the world. A proposed solution is sustainable intensification of agriculture, whereby yields are increased on land that is currently cultivated, so sparing land to deliver other ecosystem services. Genetically modified (GM) crops are already contributing to sustainable intensification through higher yields and lower environmental impacts, and have potential to deliver further significant improvements. Despite their widespread successful use elsewhere, the European Union (EU) has been slow to introduce GM crops: decisions on applications to import GM commodities are lengthy, and decision-making on applications to cultivate GM crops has virtually ceased. Delayed import approvals result in economic losses, particularly in the EU itself as a result of higher commodity prices. Failure to grant cultivation approvals costs EU farmers opportunities to reduce inputs, and results in loss of agricultural research and development from the EU to countries such as the United States and China. Delayed decision-making in the EU ostensibly results from scientific uncertainty about the effects of using GM crops; however, scientific uncertainty may be a means to justify a political decision to restrict cultivation of GM crops in the EU. The problems associated with delayed decision-making will not improve until there is clarity about the EU's agricultural policy objectives, and whether the use of GM crops will be permitted to contribute to achieving those objectives.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercializing genetically modified crops under EU regulations

Raybould

Poppy

2012

GM Crops & Food

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, SERK1, WEE1 and CCS52, plus WUSCHEL, are likely good candidate genes for unravelling acquisition of regeneration competence in legumes and they are also amongst the genes that would be interesting to study within the context of acquisition of salt tolerance through the transformation of M. truncatula ) and crop legumes. Indeed, the inconvenience of dealing with biotechnology-derived plants may be acceptance by consumers in Europe, but the situation in this respect seems to be changing, as indicated by a number of recent publications (Peng 2011;Christou 2013;Potrykus 2013), showing that an increasing number of EU countries are adopting policies in line with those applied elsewhere in the world that permit assays of genetically modified organism (GMO) crops and their field culture. In any case, DH or in vitro selected mutants and soma(proto)clonal variants are not amongst the biotechnology-based plants classified as GMOs and remain therefore an appealing alternative for the generation of new, stress-resistant genotypes.…”

Section: Typical Indicators Of Somatic Embryogenesis In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroecological impact of an in vitro biotechnology approach of embryo development and seed filling in legumes

Ochatt

2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ongoing global climatic changes and growing demographic pressure have increased demand for agronomic resources and affected the agroecosystem by provoking a number of abiotic stresses that, added to biotic ones, result in physiological and metabolic disorders. Such stresses ultimately impact yield when it most needs to be improved, and understanding and resolving them is a major scientific and agronomic challenge of this century. However, many species are difficult to breed for stress resistance and improved yield for a number of reasons, ranging from a long life cycle (woody species), a reduced genetic background (most self-fertile, cleistogamous legumes) or conversely extensive heterozygosity resulting from an outbreeding nature, and also due to the mainly multigenic origin of such resistances. Biotechnologybased breeding would be an efficient alternative but, for recalcitrant crops, many attempts at in vitro regeneration met with varying degrees of success and often limited to a few genotypes, hampering exploitation of biotechnology approaches. To reduce the risk of undirected somaclonal variations amongst regenerants and transformants, it is better to produce them through somatic embryogenesis that recognises a single-cell origin but whose feasibility is also limited amongst species. There is also a need to fix the resulting genome once a novelty is obtained to ensure efficient heritability of improved traits acquired, which takes several generations in conventional breeding. Acceleration of generations through flowering and fruit set in vitro has been developed in various species including legumes. Haplo-diploidisation in vitro also offers a unique alternative to conventional methods, as it yields novel genetic combinations following doubling of haplotypes and regeneration of fertile plants having gained homozygosity within a single generation. This review will examine the relationships between embryogenesis, stress and its impact on in vitro development of novel genotypes more apt for a sustainable agriculture.

show abstract

“…Hence, herbicide-resistant GM crops offer a valuable and environmentally friendly alternative for effective weed control. In 2010, herbicide resistant GM crops are reported to have occupied 89.3 million hectares (Peng, 2011). Although the total global cultivation area of GM crops is increasing markedly, legislation to regulate their cultivation is being introduced in a number of countries.…”

Section: Open Access Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the controversy surrounding the environmental impact of GM crops, the global transgenic crop hectarage and number of countries utilizing these transgenic varieties is growing yearly. According to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agrobiotech Applications (ISAAA), the estimated global area of genetically modified crops was 160 million ha in 2010, and has increased 94-fold increase since 1996 (James, 2011;Peng, 2011). It is therefore essential to perform pre-commercialization tests of these plants for environmental safety and ensure that every GM crop undergoes post approval monitoring to guarantee that crops engineered using biotechnology continue to be safe for both consumers and the environment.…”

Section: Open Access Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Microbial Community Assessment for the Rhizosphere Soil of Herbicide Resistant Genetically Modified Chinese Cabbage

Sohn¹,

Oh²,

Ahn³

et al. 2012

Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Cultivation of genetically modified(GM) crops rapidly has increased in the global agricultural area. Among those, herbicide resistant GM crops are reported to have occupied 89.3 million hectares in 2010. However, cultivation of GM crops in the field evoked the concern of the possibility of gene transfer from transgenic plant into soil microorganisms. In our present study, we have assessed the effects of herbicide-resistant GM Chinese cabbage on the surrounding soil microbial community. METHODS AND RESULTS:The effects of a herbicideresistant genetically modified (GM) Chinese cabbage on the soil microbial community in its field of growth were assessed using a conventional culture technique and also culture-independent molecular methods. Three replicate field plots were planted with a single GM and four non-GM Chinese cabbages (these included a non-GM counterpart). The soils around these plants were compared using colony counting, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and a species diversity index assessment during the growing periods. The bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population densities of the GM Chinese cabbage soils were found to be within the range of those of the non-GM Chinese cabbage soils. The DGGE banding patterns of the GM and non-GM soils were also similar, suggesting that the bacterial community structures were stable within a given month and were unaffected by the presence of a GM plant. The similarities of the bacterial species diversity indices were consistent with this finding. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that soil microbial communities are unaffected by the cultivation of herbicide-resistant GM Chinese cabbage within the experimental time frame.

show abstract

GM crop cultivation surges, but novel traits languish

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Commercializing genetically modified crops under EU regulations

Commercializing genetically modified crops under EU regulations

Agroecological impact of an in vitro biotechnology approach of embryo development and seed filling in legumes

Soil Microbial Community Assessment for the Rhizosphere Soil of Herbicide Resistant Genetically Modified Chinese Cabbage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About