Abstract:Weed management in physic nut plantations has generally been performed by spraying the herbicide glyphosate. However, the effects of glyphosate on non-target organisms present in the crop system are unknown. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of glyphosate (Roundup Transorb(®)) against the pest species Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) and Tetranychus bastosi (Acari: Tetranychidae) which can be exposed by drift. These mites are considered pests of the physic nut; however, they can also feed and resi… Show more
“…This side-effect of glyphosate was observed in Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae), and Tetranychus bastosi (Tuttle) Baker and Sales (Acari: Tetranychidae) when exposed at 360 g ae/ha 14 . Effects of this herbicide vary between species 31 , and had contrasting effects on foraging behavior of the predator spiders Tigrosa helluo Walckenaer and Pardosa milvina Hentz (Araneae: Lycosidae) 13 ; caused early activation of anantioxidant defense in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) 31 ; and severely reduced the reproduction and fecundity of Chrysoperla externa Hagen (Neuroptera: Chysopidae) 15 , but improved this parameter for P. latus and T. bastosi 14 . Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides could be mainly associated with chemicals (surfactants, adjuvants and others) not specified on the label.…”
New plant protection strategies focus on minimizing chemical pesticide use and increasing their compatibility with biological control agents. The objective was to evaluate the side-effects of glyphosate, diflubenzuron, malathion, tebuconazole and triflumuron (at 720, 45, 400, 150 and 20 g ai ha−1, respectively), pesticides authorized for soybean crops in Brazil, on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reared on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The emergence and female numbers produced per P. elaeisis female were higher in A. gemmatalis pupae from caterpillars fed an artificial diet treated with glyphosate. However, emergence was lower than 50% when the caterpillars were fed on soybean leaves treated with glyphosate offered ad libitum (3–5 times). Palmistichus elaeisis died before parasiting A. gemmatalis pupae treated with malathion. Diflubenzuron reduced the P. elaesis sex ratio in the second generation. Tebuconazole and triflumuron did not cause side-effects on this parasitoid. A continuous exposure to glyphosate by the host may lead to side-effects on P. elaeisis emergence, but its moderate use is acceptable for this parasitoid. Diflubenzuron had severe transgenerational side-effects. Tebuconazole fungicide and triflumuron insecticide are compatible with P. elaeisis in sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) programs, while malathion can not be included in them.
“…This side-effect of glyphosate was observed in Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae), and Tetranychus bastosi (Tuttle) Baker and Sales (Acari: Tetranychidae) when exposed at 360 g ae/ha 14 . Effects of this herbicide vary between species 31 , and had contrasting effects on foraging behavior of the predator spiders Tigrosa helluo Walckenaer and Pardosa milvina Hentz (Araneae: Lycosidae) 13 ; caused early activation of anantioxidant defense in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) 31 ; and severely reduced the reproduction and fecundity of Chrysoperla externa Hagen (Neuroptera: Chysopidae) 15 , but improved this parameter for P. latus and T. bastosi 14 . Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides could be mainly associated with chemicals (surfactants, adjuvants and others) not specified on the label.…”
New plant protection strategies focus on minimizing chemical pesticide use and increasing their compatibility with biological control agents. The objective was to evaluate the side-effects of glyphosate, diflubenzuron, malathion, tebuconazole and triflumuron (at 720, 45, 400, 150 and 20 g ai ha−1, respectively), pesticides authorized for soybean crops in Brazil, on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reared on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The emergence and female numbers produced per P. elaeisis female were higher in A. gemmatalis pupae from caterpillars fed an artificial diet treated with glyphosate. However, emergence was lower than 50% when the caterpillars were fed on soybean leaves treated with glyphosate offered ad libitum (3–5 times). Palmistichus elaeisis died before parasiting A. gemmatalis pupae treated with malathion. Diflubenzuron reduced the P. elaesis sex ratio in the second generation. Tebuconazole and triflumuron did not cause side-effects on this parasitoid. A continuous exposure to glyphosate by the host may lead to side-effects on P. elaeisis emergence, but its moderate use is acceptable for this parasitoid. Diflubenzuron had severe transgenerational side-effects. Tebuconazole fungicide and triflumuron insecticide are compatible with P. elaeisis in sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) programs, while malathion can not be included in them.
“…It also develops resistance to pesticides quickly (Reddy and Kumar 2016;Breda et al 2017). Although chemical control is still the most commonly used controlling approach to P. latus (De Saraiva et al 2016;Barbar 2017), it is necessary to nd environment friendly alternatives.…”
The broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae), is a cosmopolitan pest that infest many greenhouse crops. Biological control is an important way to control P. latus, with predatory mites being the most widely used natural enemy of this pest. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capabilities of three native phytoseiids in China (Neoseiulus californicus, Neoseiulus barkeri and Amblyseius orientalis) in controlling P. latus, using Amblyseius swirskii, a commercial biological control agent of this pest widely used in Europe as a control. Consumption, development, and reproduction of the four species when fed with P. latus were assessed, and their life table parameters were estimated and compared. Among the three native species, A. orientalis has the highest consumption rate of P. latus (29.0 per day), the shortest developmental duration (5.32 d), and the highest cumulative fecundity (13.50 eggs/female). Overall, its intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) is 0.12, comparable to that of A. swirskii. Among the three candidates, A. orientalis is the only one that population increase might be expected when fed with P. latus. Therefore, we suggest it to be a potential biological control agent for this pest in China.
“…It also develops resistance to pesticides quickly (Reddy and Kumar 2016;Breda et al 2017). Although chemical control is still the most commonly used controlling approach to P. latus (De Saraiva et al 2016;Barbar 2017), it is necessary to nd environment friendly alternatives.…”
The broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae), is a cosmopolitan pest that infest many greenhouse crops. Biological control is an important way to control P. latus, with predatory mites being the most widely used natural enemy of this pest. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capabilities of three native phytoseiids in China (Neoseiulus californicus, Neoseiulus barkeri and Amblyseius orientalis) in controlling P. latus, using Amblyseius swirskii, a commercial biological control agent of this pest widely used in Europe as a control. Consumption, development, and reproduction of the four species when fed with P. latus were assessed, and their life table parameters were estimated and compared. Among the three native species, A. orientalis has the highest consumption rate of P. latus (29.0 per day), the shortest developmental duration (5.32 d), and the highest cumulative fecundity (13.50 eggs/female). Overall, its intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m ) is 0.12, comparable to that of A. swirskii.Among the three candidates, A. orientalis is the only one that population increase might be expected when fed with P. latus. Therefore, we suggest it to be a potential biological control agent for this pest in China.
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