Glyphosate Residues in Soil and Air: An Integrated Review

Abstract

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] (GPS) is currently the most commonly applied herbicide worldwide. Given the widespread use of glyphosate, the investigation of the relationship between glyphosate and soil ecosystem is critical and has great significance for its valid application and environmental safety evaluation. However, although the occurrence of glyphosate residues in surface and groundwater is rather well documented, only few information are available for soils and even fewer for air. Due to this, the importance of developing methods that are effective and fast to determine and quantify glyphosate and its major degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), is emphasized. Based on its structure, the determination of this pesticide using a simple analytical method remains a challenge, a fact known as the "glyphosate paradox." In this chapter a critical review of the existing literature and data comparison studies regarding the occurrence and the development of analytical methods for the determination of pesticide glyphosate in soil and air is performed.

Exposure of pigs to glyphosate affects gene-specific DNA methylation and gene expression

“…Notably, glyphosate level in the control diet was not zero, indicating that glyphosate-free diets are very difficult to obtain, e.g. due to feed crop uptake from a soil pool or from airborne glyphosate-containing aerosols through spray application in neighboring fields or both [37] .…”

Isolation of aqueous pesticides on surface-functionalized SBA-15: glyphosate kinetics and detailed empirical insights for atrazine

“…Replicate batch adsorption studies for both contaminants were carried out by employing 20 mg mass of SBA-15-NH 2 in a specic volume of contaminant solution (atrazine 20 mL and glyphosate 10 mL) and incubating for 1440 min in an orbital shaker (200 rpm) until withdrawal at equilibrium, then centrifugation at 870 RCF (2000 rpm)/10 min and ltration using 0.45 mm syringe PES lters. The rates of adsorption at varying times (1-1440 min) were determined for atrazine (z3500 mg L −1 ) and glyphosate (z20 000 mg L −1 ), while the effects of atrazine solution pH (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), atrazine concentration (200-4000 mg L −1 ) and ambient temperature (22-42 °C), as well as reusability of SBA-15-NH 2 for atrazine re-adsorption, were studied. The pH of contaminants solutions was adjusted using 0.1 M NaOH or HCl where needed.…”

“…6 On the other hand, glyphosate is a systemic and non-selective postemergent herbicide that blocks the plant's shikimate pathway necessary for the synthesis of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine (aromatic amino acids). These amino acids are precursors for the synthesis of vital biomolecules such as benzoic acids, lignin, alkaloids, avonoids, and vitamin K. 5,7 Glyphosate and its metabolite (amino-methyl-phosphonic acid -AMPA) are continuously detected in environmental media, 5,8,9 and there are currently serious concerns about their effects on the ecosystem and humans. In fact, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has re-classied glyphosate as a Category 2A (probable human) carcinogen.…”

Characteristics of glyphosate adsorption with biochar from young coconut waste

“…The polyprotic acid glyphosate has four pKa values: 0.7, 2.2, 5.9, and 10.6, indicating that the solution's pH affects the molecule's speciation. The pKa numbers for AMPA are 0.9, 5.6, and 10.2 [30][31].…”