Glyphosate Market in Thailand: Opportunities and Challenges

Suvittawat, Adisak

doi:10.22610/imbr.v6i4.1116

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Finally, a potentially important risk factor for CCA not examined by any epidemiological studies to date is exposure to toxic chemicals, of which pesticides and herbicides are particularly relevant in view of their increasing and largely un-regulated use by farmers in Thailand [ 1 , 52 ]. Toxic chemical exposures are a known risk for CCA elsewhere, while the most widely used herbicide in Thailand, glyphosate [ 53 ], was recently classified by IARC as a probable carcinogen [ 54 ]. The case for including agrichemical exposures as a factor, glyphosate in particular, is especially compelling given that the same population most at risk for both O. viverrini infection and CCA – farmers – is that most exposed to glyphosate and other agrichemicals classified as carcinogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking beyond Opisthorchis viverrini for risk of cholangiocarcinoma in the lower Mekong region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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BackgroundCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal bile duct cancer associated with infection by the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, in the lower Mekong region. Numerous public health interventions have focused on reducing exposure to O. viverrini, but incidence of CCA in the region remains high. While this may indicate the inefficacy of public health interventions due to complex social and cultural factors, it may further indicate other risk factors or interactions with the parasite are important in pathogenesis of CCA. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of described risk factors for CCA in addition to O. viverrini to guide future integrative interventions.Main bodyWe searched five international and seven Thai research databases to identify studies relevant to risk factors for CCA in the lower Mekong region. Selected studies were assessed for risk of bias and quality in terms of study design, population, CCA diagnostic methods, and statistical methods. The final 18 included studies reported numerous risk factors which were grouped into behaviors, socioeconomics, diet, genetics, gender, immune response, other infections, and treatment for O. viverrini. Seventeen risk factors were reported by two or more studies and were assessed with random effects models during meta-analysis. This meta-analysis indicates that the combination of alcohol and smoking (OR = 11.1, 95% CI: 5.63–21.92, P < 0.0001) is most significantly associated with increased risk for CCA and is an even greater risk factor than O. viverrini exposure. This analysis also suggests that family history of cancer, consumption of raw cyprinoid fish, consumption of high nitrate foods, and praziquantel treatment are associated with significantly increased risk. These risk factors may have complex relationships with the host, parasite, or pathogenesis of CCA, and many of these risk factors were found to interact with each other in one or more studies.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a complex variety of risk factors in addition to O. viverrini infection should be addressed in future public health interventions to reduce CCA in affected regions. In particular, smoking and alcohol use, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic factors should be considered when developing intervention programs to reduce CCA.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0434-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking beyond Opisthorchis viverrini for risk of cholangiocarcinoma in the lower Mekong region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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Soil degradation and herbicide pollution by repeated cassava monoculture within Thailand’s conservation region

Popradit,

Nakhokwik,

Robischon

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In a national park in Northeast Thailand, agricultural land has been converted from natural forest by small-scale farmers. To investigate the impact of repeated cassava monoculture on soil, we conducted a five-year (2016–2020) study on the physical and chemical properties of soil in cassava farmland and examined the properties of forest soil as a control. Soil nitrogen, available phosphate and potassium, and bulk density were significantly higher in the farmland than in the forest, whereas organic matter and cation exchange capacity were the opposite. In the farmland, soil nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and bulk density increased significantly, whereas pH and organic matter decreased significantly, indicating that soil degradation progressed during the five years. The use of glyphosate and paraquat herbicides is prohibited within national parks. However, in 2020, glyphosate was detected in farmland soil at levels of up to 5.0 mg kg-1 during both the rainy and dry seasons, and glyphosate (2.5 mg l-1) was detected in stream water from the farmland during the dry season. The use of glyphosate in the farmland was suspected at least in 2020. Soil degradation and herbicide pollution may carry a high risk of causing irreversible changes to the terrestrial ecosystems.

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Glyphosate Market in Thailand: Opportunities and Challenges

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Thinking beyond Opisthorchis viverrini for risk of cholangiocarcinoma in the lower Mekong region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Thinking beyond Opisthorchis viverrini for risk of cholangiocarcinoma in the lower Mekong region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Soil degradation and herbicide pollution by repeated cassava monoculture within Thailand’s conservation region

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