Glyphosate is lethal and Cry toxins alter the development of the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata

Seide, Vanessa Eler; Bernardes, Rodrigo Cupertino; Pereira, E. J. G.; Lima, Maria Augusta Pereira

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.020

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, beyond changes in fitness, there are other risks that need to be considered such as long-term exposure of ecosystems to Bt toxins produced by the GE plants: the Bt toxins will not only be taken up by insects feeding from these plants or be secreted via roots [74] and change a plant's rhizosphere [75], but Bt containing plant material such as pollen, seeds, leaves and roots can be distributed in the wider environment. While in the short-term Bt toxins can cause developmental impairments and behavioural changes [76,77], large-scale and long-term exposure might cause a substantial increase in these effects, cause changes in insect populations and disturb the functions of the associated ecosystems. The problems in assessing long-term effects are reflected in research by Stewart et al [78] and Andow and Zwahlen [79], who refer to the potential impact of the intended traits if transferred into wild populations.…”

Section: Other Effects and Interactions Of Relevance For Risk Assessmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of genetically engineered plants that can persist and propagate in the environment

Bauer-Panskus¹,

Miyazaki²,

Kawall³

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Eur

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New challenges arise in risk assessment when genetically engineered (GE) plants can persist and propagate in the environment as well as produce viable offspring. Next generation effects can be influenced by heterogeneous genetic backgrounds and unexpected effects can be triggered in interaction with environmental conditions. Consequently, the biological characteristics of the original events cannot be regarded as sufficient to conclude on hazards that may emerge in following generations. Potential hazards identified by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) include exacerbating weed problems, displacement and even extinction of native plant species. However, there are reasons for concern that might escape the environmental risk assessment (ERA) because EFSA only takes into account the characteristics of the original events, leaving aside unintended or unexpected next generation effects emerging from spontaneous propagation and gene flow. From our review of the publications available and the analysis of risk assessment as performed, we conclude that the risk assessment of GE organisms able to persist and spontaneously propagate in the environment actually suffers from a high degree of spatio-temporal complexity causing many uncertainties. To deal with this problem, we recommend establishing 'cut-off criteria' in risk assessment that include factual limits of knowledge. It is proposed that these criteria are applied in a specific step within risk assessment, i.e. 'spatio-temporal controllability' that uses well-defined biological characteristics to delineate some of the boundaries between known and unknowns. This additional step in risk assessment will foster robustness in the process and can substantially benefit the reliability and overall conclusiveness of risk assessment and decision-making on potential releases.

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Section: Other Effects and Interactions Of Relevance For Risk Assessmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of genetically engineered plants that can persist and propagate in the environment

Bauer-Panskus¹,

Miyazaki²,

Kawall³

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Eur

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“…Each moult normally occurs approximately every 24 h. Adequate brood nutrition is essential to accomplish optimal development without long-term consequences in adults [74]. At that point, GLY could affect the fate of the colony depending on the exposure level and its impact on nutrition of reproductive castes and brood [16,75,76,77]. Thompson and co-workers (2014) show that larvae ingest GLY by detecting an average concentration of 11.9 ± 3.8 mg·kg −1 in larvae samples four days after spraying of the herbicide in surrounding vegetation [25].…”

Section: Chronic Exposure Of Gly and Its Effects On The Youngest Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Herbicide Glyphosate on Honey Bee Sensory and Cognitive Abilities: Individual Impairments with Implications for the Hive

Farina

Balbuena

Herbert

et al. 2019

Insects

102

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The honeybee Apis mellifera is an important pollinator in both undisturbed and agricultural ecosystems. Its great versatility as an experimental model makes it an excellent proxy to evaluate the environmental impact of agrochemicals using current methodologies and procedures in environmental toxicology. The increase in agrochemical use, including those that do not target insects directly, can have deleterious effects if carried out indiscriminately. This seems to be the case of the herbicide glyphosate (GLY), the most widely used agrochemical worldwide. Its presence in honey has been reported in samples obtained from different environments. Hence, to understand its current and potential risks for this pollinator it has become essential to not only study the effects on honeybee colonies located in agricultural settings, but also its effects under laboratory conditions. Subtle deleterious effects can be detected using experimental approaches. GLY negatively affects associative learning processes of foragers, cognitive and sensory abilities of young hive bees and promotes delays in brood development. An integrated approach that considers behavior, physiology, and development allows not only to determine the effects of this agrochemical on this eusocial insect from an experimental perspective, but also to infer putative effects in disturbed environments where it is omnipresent.

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“…As animals lack the shikimate pathway, glyphosate-based herbicides are argued to represent one of the least toxic chemicals applied in agricultural practices [20,22]. However, increasing evidence reveals the contrary, as both lethal and sublethal effects have been revealed for invertebrates at field-realistic concentrations [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Correlation between Pesticide Consumption and Longevity in Solitary Bees: Are We Overlooking Fitness Trade-Offs?

Strobl

Camenzind

Minnameyer

et al. 2020

Insects

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The ubiquitous use of pesticides is one major driver for the current loss of biodiversity, and the common practice of simultaneously applying multiple agrochemicals may further contribute. Insect toxicology currently has a strong focus on survival to determine the potential hazards of a chemical routinely used in risk evaluations. However, studies revealing no effect on survival or even indicating enhanced survival are likely to be misleading, if potential trade-offs between survival and other physiological factors are overlooked. Here, we used standard laboratory experiments to investigate the sublethal (i.e., food consumption) and lethal (i.e., survival) effects of two common agricultural pesticides (Roundup® and clothianidin) on adult female solitary bees, Osmia bicornis. The data showed no significant effect of the treatment on cumulative survival; however, a significant positive correlation between herbicide and insecticide exposure and age was revealed, i.e., bees exposed to higher dosages lived longer. As no significant differences in daily food consumption were observed across treatment groups, increased food intake can be excluded as a factor leading to the prolonged survival. While this study does not provide data on fitness effects, two previous studies using solitary bees observed significant negative effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on fitness, yet not on survival. Thus, we conjecture that the observed non-significant effects on longevity may result from a trade-off between survival and reproduction. The data suggest that a focus on survival can lead to false-negative results and it appears inevitable to include fitness or at least tokens of fitness at the earliest stage in future risk assessments.

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Glyphosate is lethal and Cry toxins alter the development of the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata

Cited by 61 publications

References 38 publications

Risk assessment of genetically engineered plants that can persist and propagate in the environment

Risk assessment of genetically engineered plants that can persist and propagate in the environment

Effects of the Herbicide Glyphosate on Honey Bee Sensory and Cognitive Abilities: Individual Impairments with Implications for the Hive

Positive Correlation between Pesticide Consumption and Longevity in Solitary Bees: Are We Overlooking Fitness Trade-Offs?

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