Glycyrrhizic acid prevents high calorie diet−induced metabolic aberrations despite the suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression

Cheng, Hong Sheng; Yaw, Hui Ping; Ton, So Ha; Choy, Siew Mei; Kong, Joana Magdelene Xiao Fang; Kadir, Khalid Abdul

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2016.02.002

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Takii et al (13) evaluated the effects of GL treatment using genetically noninsulin-dependent diabetes mice by dividing the mice into 3 groups: the control group, the 0.27% GL diet group, and the 0.41% GL diet group. Cheng et al (14) investigated GA effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in 24 male Sprague Dawley rats, and advocated that high-fat high-sucrose diet-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia are attenuated by supplementation with GA. In an experimental study with high-fat diet-induced obese rats, GL attenuates dyslipidemia by inducing lipoprotein lipase expression and lipoprotein production (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of glycyrrhizin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

J. Thorac. Dis

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Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are serious clinical disease entities characterized by inflammatory pulmonary edema, which lead to acute hypoxic respiratory failure through various etiologies. According to the studies to date, ALI/ARDS has been recognized as a form of multiorgan failure related to overactive immune response, and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines released from activated inflammatory cells are considered to play a key role in the development of ALI. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is an extractive component derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), which has recently been reported to have various pharmacological effects like anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, and anti-viral activities. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect of GL in ALI is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate therapeutic effects of GL on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in a mouse model and to elucidate explicable mechanisms involved. Methods: A total of 36 BALB/c mice (6-week-old, 27.7±1.9-gram body weight) were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (normal saline was administered intravenously, n=10), the LPS group (LPS 50 mg/kg was intraperitoneally administered, n=13), and the LPS + GL group (GL was administered intravenously immediately and 12 hours after LPS injection, n=13). Mice were sacrificed after 24 hours, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for the estimation of protein content, inflammatory cell counts, proinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Then, the lungs were excised for molecular target, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. Results: Compared to the LPS group, GL significantly decreased protein content, inflammatory cell counts, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, MPO activity, and expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB in the LPS + GL group. GL attenuated migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells, showing a marked decrease in CD 11b-positive cells (26.77%±0.83% vs. 41.77%±0.81% vs. 23.23%±1.92%, P<0.05) as well as CXCR4−/CXCR1-positive cells (CXCR4: 37.23%±1.00% vs. 59.37%±2.37% vs. 47.45%±4.36%; CXCR1: 32.10%±1.56% vs. 47.03%±1.99% vs. 21.70%±6.50%; all P<0.05) in the control, LPS, and LPS + GL groups. Additionally, immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) was inhibited by GL. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that GL may have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on LPS-induced ALI in mice. GL inhibited proinflammatory cytokines playing a key role in the initial phase of inflammatory response, which suggests that inhibition of the TLR-4/NF-κB signal pathway would be a possible mechanism underlying the action of GL. Thus, GL can be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of glycyrrhizin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

J. Thorac. Dis

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“…Diet components can either downregulate or upregulate PPAR expression and activity. Diet-induced PPAR downregulation can be considered as a negative effect, since it is often present alongside conditions like dyslipidemia [ 10 ], hypoadiponectinemia [ 11 ], insulin resistance/diabetes [ 12 ], chronic inflammation [ 13 ], lipotoxicity [ 14 ], diabetic nephropathy [ 15 ], diabetic retinopathy [ 16 ] and several others; such downregulation can be seen when routinely consuming Western-type diets, which are rich in fat. PPAR upregulation can be considered a positive effect that can occur by favoring vegetable consumption over Western-type diets; this will stimulate β-oxidation, insulin sensitivity, adiponectin secretion and glucose uptake and catabolism, all of which can be impaired in diabetic, obese or dyslipidemic patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of PPAR Expression and Activity in Response to Polyphenolic Compounds in High Fat Diets

Domínguez-Ávila

González‐Aguilar

́Álvarez-Parrilla

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are transcription factors that modulate energy metabolism in liver, adipose tissue and muscle. High fat diets (HFD) can negatively impact PPAR expression or activity, favoring obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and other conditions. However, polyphenols (PP) found in vegetable foodstuffs are capable of positively modulating this pathway. We therefore focused this review on the possible effects that PP can have on PPAR when administered together with HFD. We found that PP from diverse sources, such as coffee, olives, rice, berries and others, are capable of inducing the expression of genes involved in a decrease of adipose mass, liver and serum lipids and lipid biosynthesis in animal and cell models of HFD. Since cells or gut bacteria can transform PP into different metabolites, it is possible that a synergistic or antagonistic effect ultimately occurs. PP molecules from vegetable sources are an interesting option to maintain or return to a state of energy homeostasis, possibly due to an adequate PPAR expression and activity.

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“…An improvement of glucose and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglycerides) could be also the effect of the anti-adipogenic property of corosolic acid which has shown anti-obesity effect inhibiting adipocyte differentiation [16] and a stimulating activity on glucose transport and glucose uptake in adipocytes [17]. Experimental studies have shown that also glycyrrhizic acid may improve insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolic disorders by reducing circulatory stress hormones, normalizing gluconeogenesis and increasing muscular lipid uptake [7]. Furthermore, glycyrrhizic acid may inhibit the expression of High Mobility Group box 1 (HMGB1), an important mediator of the inflammatory response, improving renal injury in diabetic rats [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Philippines, India, Malaysia, China and Australia [6]. Glycyrrhizic Acid (GA), a triterpenoid saponin found in abundance in the root of genus Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as liquorice, has shown some compelling therapeutic activities in counteracting MS [7]. Extracts of cinnamon contained consistent amounts of procyanidin that has insulin-potentiating properties and may be involved in the alleviation of the signs and symptoms of diabetes and cardiovascular disease-related to insulin resistance and MS [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Supplement for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women

Giacobbe¹,

Bitto²,

Arcoraci³

et al. 2020

FNS

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Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is considered a cluster of metabolic abnormalities whose pathogenesis is principally attributable to insulin resistance. Lack of estrogens occurs in postmenopausal women and worsening insulin resistance and lipid profile, predispose to MS. The aim of the study was to show whether a new supplement containing cinnamon, corosolic acid and glycyrrhizic acid may counteract MS manifestations. Methods: A total of 60 postmenopausal women were enrolled in a randomized, controlled trial; the active treatment group was taking the new supplement for 3 months and was on a hypocaloric diet, control group was only on diet. At the beginning and after 3 months, metabolic variables were evaluated. Results: After 3 months, a significant difference in the treated group was observed for glucose, HOMA, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol; whereas, in the control group, a significant difference was shown only for glucose. After 3 months, a significant difference between groups was highlighted only for HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: This study has shown the naturally occurring components of this new supplement may improve insulin resistance and lipid profile in a small sample of postmenopausal women.

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Glycyrrhizic acid prevents high calorie diet−induced metabolic aberrations despite the suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of glycyrrhizin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model

Effects of glycyrrhizin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model

Modulation of PPAR Expression and Activity in Response to Polyphenolic Compounds in High Fat Diets

A New Supplement for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women

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