Glycosylation Changes in the Salivary Glycoproteins of Alcohol-Dependent Patients: A Pilot Study

Kratz, Ewa Maria; Waszkiewicz, Napoleon; Kałuża, Anna; Szajda, Sławomir Dariusz; Zalewska-Szajda, Beata; Szulc, Agata; Zwierz, Krzysztof; Ferens-Sieczkowska, Mirosława

doi:10.1093/alcalc/agt152

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…We speculate that metabolic disturbances in STZ-diabetes, similarly to abnormalities in the course of alcoholism [ 17 ], may inhibit enzyme mannosidase II resulting in intensive synthesis of high-mannose glycoproteins and increased MAN activity in both diabetic types of glands along with duration of STZ-induced diabetes. Significantly higher MAN activity in diabetic parotid glands versus control glands may also suggest that the balance between salivary glucosyltransferases and glycohydrolases is disturbed in STZ-induced type 1 diabetes [ 51 , 52 ]. Additionally, it may be assumed that the metabolic abnormalities associated with DM1 may lead to the inhibition of further glycosylation stages, involving the conversion of high-mannose glycoproteins into mature (complex and hybrid) glycoproteins as well as formation of the substantial amounts of high-mannose glycoproteins accelerating their degradation [ 11 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysosomal Exoglycosidase Profile and Secretory Function in the Salivary Glands of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

Maciejczyk

Kossakowska

Szulimowska

et al. 2017

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Before this study, there had been no research evaluating the relationship between a lysosomal exoglycosidase profile and secretory function in the salivary glands of rats with streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 1 diabetes. In our work, rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 animals each: control groups (C2, C4) and diabetic groups (STZ2, STZ4). The secretory function of salivary glands—nonstimulated and stimulated salivary flow, α-amylase, total protein—and salivary exoglycosidase activities—N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase (HEX, HEX A, and HEX B), β-glucuronidase, α-fucosidase, β-galactosidase, and α-mannosidase—was estimated both in the parotid and submandibular glands of STZ-diabetic and control rats. The study has demonstrated that the activity of most salivary exoglycosidases is significantly higher in the parotid and submandibular glands of STZ-diabetic rats as compared to the healthy controls and that it increases as the disease progresses. Reduced secretory function of diabetic salivary glands was also observed. A significant inverse correlation between HEX B, α-amylase activity, and stimulated salivary flow in diabetic parotid gland has also been shown. Summarizing, STZ-induced diabetes leads to a change in the lysosomal exoglycosidase profile and reduced function of the salivary glands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysosomal Exoglycosidase Profile and Secretory Function in the Salivary Glands of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

Maciejczyk

Kossakowska

Szulimowska

et al. 2017

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“…41, 43, 49, 50, 51 Several days after alcohol abstinence, homocysteine plasma levels decrease to normal 50. Homocysteine levels are influenced by nutritional status, gender, and age.…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lutz et al. investigated two groups of patients with AWS and found this polymorphism to be related to higher occurrence of withdrawal seizures in the Western European population 51, 52…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…,43,[49][50][51] Several days after alcohol abstinence, homocysteine plasma levels decrease to normal 50. Homocysteine levels are influenced by nutritional sta-Summary of relevant markers in the emergency setting (modified from 32 ) of AUD is supported by scales that focus on recent drinking behavior like the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT).This test was developed to determine whether a person may be at risk for alcohol abuse problems.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: mechanisms, manifestations, and management

et al. 2016

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The alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a well‐known condition occurring after intentional or unintentional abrupt cessation of heavy/constant drinking in patients suffering from alcohol use disorders (AUDs). AUDs are common in neurological departments with patients admitted for coma, epileptic seizures, dementia, polyneuropathy, and gait disturbances. Nonetheless, diagnosis and treatment are often delayed until dramatic symptoms occur. The purpose of this review is to increase the awareness of the early clinical manifestations of AWS and the appropriate identification and management of this important condition in a neurological setting.

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“…Some potential salivary markers of chronic ethanol use have been proposed so far, including aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl-transferase [12], ethanol [13,14], sialic acid [15], hexosaminidase A, glucuronidase [9], some ethanol poisoning congeners such as methanol [16], etc. An earlier study found significant differences in glycosylation (α2,3-sialylation, fucosylation, and expression of T-antigen) of salivary α-amylase, clusterin, haptoglobin, light and heavy chains of immunoglobulin, and transferrin between alcohol-dependent and healthy persons [17]. These new identified salivary glycoproteins were suggested as potential markers to diagnose alcohol dependence syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Salivary Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Alcohol- and Nicotine-Dependent Males

Waszkiewicz

Pawłowicz

Okuniewska

et al. 2020

JCM

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Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), an 80 kDa glycoprotein, is one of the most commonly employed biomarkers to detect alcohol dependence. Some salivary glycoproteins such as α-amylase, clusterin, haptoglobin, light/heavy-chain immunoglobulin, and transferrin, which alter glycosylation in alcohol-dependent persons, have been suggested to be potential alcohol markers. However, their identification is based on indirect analysis of lectin glycosidic bonds and molecular weight. We investigated the CDT content in the saliva of alcohol- and nicotine-dependent men. The CDT concentration (ng/mL, ng/mg protein) was determined by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) commercial kit in 55 men: 20 healthy social drinkers (C), 10 chronic cigarette smokers (S), 10 alcohol-dependent non-smokers (A), and 15 alcohol-dependent smokers (AS). Surprisingly, there were no differences in the concentrations of CDT between the studied groups. Salivary pH was the lowest in the AS and the highest in the A group. Therefore, salivary CDT cannot be used as an alcohol dependence marker as measured by ELISA. We suggest that direct identification of glycoproteins is necessary to search for potential salivary alcohol biomarkers. Molecules smaller than 40 kDa, which easily translocate from blood to the saliva, might be preferred as salivary alcohol markers.

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Glycosylation Changes in the Salivary Glycoproteins of Alcohol-Dependent Patients: A Pilot Study

Cited by 21 publications

References 60 publications

Lysosomal Exoglycosidase Profile and Secretory Function in the Salivary Glands of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

Lysosomal Exoglycosidase Profile and Secretory Function in the Salivary Glands of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: mechanisms, manifestations, and management

Salivary Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Alcohol- and Nicotine-Dependent Males

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