Glycolipids of Higher Plants, Algae, Yeasts, and Fungi

Kates, M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2516-9_3

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…Diether phospholipids and glycolipids in the total polar lipid fraction, or in the isolated individual lipids, can be identified in halophilic (11,19,20) or methanogenic (16,(21)(22)(23) Archaea by their relative mobilities (R, values) on TLC in acidic or basic solvent systems, by spectral analysis, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry (21,22,24,25), fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) (22)(23)(24)(25)28) and infrared (IR) spectrometry (23,25,26) and by chemical degradation and analysis of degradation products (12,16,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)25,28). Anomeric configurations, linkage positions and the position of substituents of glycosyl groups in glycolipids can be determined by 3 H-and 13 C-NMR (19,20), but this should be confirmed, if sufficient material is available, by measurement of optical rotation and by permethylation analysis (20,23), respectively.…”

Section: Identification Of Archaeal Phospholipid and Glycolipid Compomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anomeric configurations, linkage positions and the position of substituents of glycosyl groups in glycolipids can be determined by 3 H-and 13 C-NMR (19,20), but this should be confirmed, if sufficient material is available, by measurement of optical rotation and by permethylation analysis (20,23), respectively. Similar procedures are used for the identification of tetraether phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids ( Figure 5) in methanogens (10,16,21,22) and the corresponding tetraether and calditoglycerotetraether analogs ( Figure 6) in thermophilic or sulfur dependent Archaea (7,8,2ft 24).…”

Section: Identification Of Archaeal Phospholipid and Glycolipid Compomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,20,24,37). Mixtures of 3-hydroxydiethers and other diethers can be resolved by TLC (21,22,26,27), HPLC of 9-anthroyl derivatives (15) or GC of acetylated derivatives (22) and identified by NMR (22,26) and chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CI-MS) (22,27).…”

Section: Preparation and Identification Of Archaeal Ether Lipid Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,20,24,37). Changes in the proportions of diether (including the macrocyclic diether (1C)) and tetraether type lipids in M thermoautotrophicum have been determined as a function of growth phase by GC analysis of hydrocarbons derived by direct action of HI on total polar lipids, followed by LiAlU reduction (30).…”

Section: Preparation and Identification Of Archaeal Ether Lipid Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diether and Tetraether Phospholipids and Glycolipids as Molecular Markers for Archaebacteria (Archaea)

Kates¹

1997

ACS Symposium Series

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Section: Identification Of Archaeal Phospholipid and Glycolipid Compomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Archaeal Phospholipid and Glycolipid Compomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation and Identification Of Archaeal Ether Lipid Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation and Identification Of Archaeal Ether Lipid Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diether and Tetraether Phospholipids and Glycolipids as Molecular Markers for Archaebacteria (Archaea)

Kates¹

1997

ACS Symposium Series

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“…is a member of a family of diverse glycosyl diacylglycerols which are widespread membrane glycolipids of plants (22,23,43), animals (30,47), and gram-positive bacteria (22,24,43), but their occurrence in gram-negative bacteria has been reported for only a few species of the genera Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Spirochaetes, and Mycoplasma and photosynthetic bacteria (22,24). In this study, we report on the results of the screen which led to identification of BF-7 as a glycolipid whose accumulation in R leguminosarum bv.…”

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confidence: 99%

Flavone-enhanced accumulation and symbiosis-related biological activity of a diglycosyl diacylglycerol membrane glycolipid from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii

et al. 1994

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Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is the bacterial symbiont which induces nitrogen-fixing root nodules on the leguminous host, white clover (Trifolium repens L.). In this plant-microbe interaction, the host plant excretes a flavone, 4',7-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), which activates expression of nodulation genes, enabling the bacterial symbiont to elicit various symbiosis-related morphological changes in its roots. We have investigated the accumulation of a diglycosyl diacylglycerol (BF-7) in wild-type R. kguminosarum bv. trifolii ANU843 when grown with DHF and the biological activities of this glycolipid bacterial factor on host and nonhost legumes. In vivo labeling stud-ies indicated that wild-type ANU843 cells accumulate BF-7 in response to DHF, and this flavone-enhanced alteration in membrane glycolipid composition was suppressed in isogenic nod4::TnS and nodD::TnS mutant derivatives. Seedling bioassays performed under microbiologically controlled conditions indicated that subnanomolar concentrations of purified BF-7 elicit various symbiosis-related morphological responses on white clover roots, including thick short roots, root hair deformation, and foci of cortical cell divisions. Roots of the nonhost legumes alfalfa and vetch were much less responsive to BF-7 at these low concentrations. A structurally distinct diglycosyl diacylglycerol did not induce these responses on white clover, indicating structural constraints in the biological activity of BF-7 on this legume host. In bioassays using aminoethoxyvinylglycine to suppress plant production of ethylene, BF-7 elicited a meristematic rather than collaroid type of mitogenic response in the root cortex of white clover. These results indicate an involvement of flavone-activated nod expression in membrane accumulation of BF-7 and a potent ability of this diglycosyl diacylglycerol glycolipid to perform as a bacterial factor enabling R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii to activate segments of its host's symbiotic program during early development of the root nodule symbiosis.At early stages in development of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis, the bacterial symbiont expresses several nodulation (nod) genes located on its symbiotic plasmid (pSym) (12, 27). The action of certain pSym nod genes is correlated with the production of specific molecules capable of acting as signals to elicit various symbiosis-related morphological responses in the plant root, including root hair deformations (Had), induction of foci of cortical cell divisions (Ccd), and a thick, short root (Tsr) (reviewed in references 2, 3, and 16). The functions of Nod proteins are necessary for bacterium-plant signaling that enables rhizobia to successfully infect and nodulate the host legume, leading to establishment of a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis (10, 48).Recent studies have described a family of Rhizobium noddependent chitolipooligosaccharides, first reported by Lerouge et al. (26) Rhizobium lipopolysaccharides, which are released from the bacteria into the external root environment and modulate primary infe...

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Interaction of a Tat Substrate and a Tat Signal Peptide with Thylakoid Lipids at the Air–Water Interface

et al. 2011

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The Tat machinery enables folded proteins to be translocated across biological membranes. In vitro studies have shown that Tat substrates can interact with membranes prior to translocation. In this study we investigated the initial states of this interaction with thylakoid lipid monolayers at the air-water interface by using monolayer techniques combined with infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). We used enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a model substrate and the signal peptide SP16 from the 16 kDa protein of the spinach oxygen-evolving complex (OEC16). We found that the signal peptide is essential for the interaction of the model substrate with lipid monolayers. IRRA spectroscopy showed an increased amount of α-helical secondary structure elements for the chimeric model substrate i16/EGFP (SP16 fused to EGFP) compared with EGFP; this can be attributed to the signal peptide.

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Glycolipids of Higher Plants, Algae, Yeasts, and Fungi

Cited by 22 publications

References 229 publications

Diether and Tetraether Phospholipids and Glycolipids as Molecular Markers for Archaebacteria (Archaea)

Diether and Tetraether Phospholipids and Glycolipids as Molecular Markers for Archaebacteria (Archaea)

Flavone-enhanced accumulation and symbiosis-related biological activity of a diglycosyl diacylglycerol membrane glycolipid from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii

Interaction of a Tat Substrate and a Tat Signal Peptide with Thylakoid Lipids at the Air–Water Interface

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