Glycol chitosan/oxidized hyaluronic acid hydrogels functionalized with cartilage extracellular matrix particles and incorporating BMSCs for cartilage repair

Abstract

In this article, we fabricated a bioactive hydrogel composed of glycol chitosan (G-CS) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) via Schiff base reaction. Cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) particles with different concentrations were used to functionalize G-CS/OHA (S1) hydrogel. The results demonstrated that S3 (G-CS/OHA/ECM 2% w/v) hydrogel exhibited the most suitable compression strength and provided the optimal environment for proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). To assess the chondroinductivity of ECM in vitro, we compared the chondrogenesis of BMSCs in S1 (G-CS/OHA) and S3 (G-CS/OHA/ECM 2% w/v) hydrogels. The results confirmed that the higher levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen type II (COL II) were accumulated in S3 hydrogel. In vivo, cartilage defects of rats generated most mature tissue within BMSCs-laden S3 hydrogel (S3/BMSCs group). The tissues were more integrative and contained higher levels of COL II and GAGs compared to the other groups. All these results suggested that the G-CS/OHA hydrogel functionalized with ECM particles is a good candidate biomaterial to be applied in cartilage tissue engineering.

ECM based injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel on the recovery of injured cartilage induced by osteoarthritis

“…HA is a major component of ECM in many tissues, which plays a crucial role in the development of cartilage and the maintenance of synovial fluid due to its biological properties such as non-inflammatory, biocompatibility and biodegradability [12,13]. Moreover, HA can provide cells with a good cartilage-forming microenvironment that helps maintain the chondrocyte phenotype due to its hydrophilic [14,15]. CS is sulfated glycosaminoglycan, which is found in natural cartilage and other tissues.…”

Cartilage regeneration with dual‐drug‐releasing injectable hydrogel/microparticle system: In vitro and in vivo study

“…The results showed that hydrogel/microparticle is an efficient material for hyaline cartilage regeneration. C. Liu et al, in the year 2018, showed that the secretion of GAG increased by adding ECM to the glycol chitosan/oxidized hyaluronic acid hydrogel (Liu et al, 2018). Wan et al, in the year 2015, achieved similar results to ours (Wan et al, 2015).…”

“…Dongquan Shi and his colleagues used the same system in 2016 using kartogenin‐loaded poly (lactic‐coglycolicacid) nanoparticles encapsulated inside a hyaluronic acid matrix achieved higher results than drug‐free scaffolds (Shi et al, 2016). In the histopathological results of Wing Chun et al, there was no significant difference between the 2‐ and 6‐week results in glycol chitosan/oxidized hyaluronic acid with extracellular matrix cartilage particles and BMSCs (Liu et al, 2018). As our time periods were long, there was a significant difference between the results of 3 months and 6 months.…”

“…The data are presented as mean ± SD; ***p < .0001 was considered very significant microparticle is an efficient material for hyaline cartilage regeneration. C. Liu et al, in the year 2018, showed that the secretion of GAG increased by adding ECM to the glycol chitosan/ oxidized hyaluronic acid hydrogel (Liu et al, 2018).…”

Enhanced function of chondrocytes in a chitosan‐based hydrogel to regenerate cartilage tissues by accelerating degradability of the hydrogel via a hydrolysable crosslinker

“…In this study, chitosan (CH) was selected for the polymer backbone due to its several advantages in forming the hydrogel for articular cartilage tissue regeneration; CH has been regarded as a biocompatible polymer; moreover, the CH structure is similar to that of GAG, which is the most abundant component in the hyaline cartilage. There are several reports on the use of CH‐based hydrogels for cartilage tissue regeneration . As for the crosslinker, we previously developed an N ‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) bifunctionalized ABA triblock copolymer composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the A segment and poly( dl ‐lactide) (PLA) as the B segment (NHS‐PEG‐ b ‐PLA‐ b ‐PEG‐NHS).…”