Glycogen Phosphorylase and Glycogen Synthetase Activity in Red and White Skeletal Muscle of the Guinea Pig

Stubbs, Sydney St. George; Blanchaer, M. C.

doi:10.1139/o65-054

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is the rationale ofkeeping the animals under anaesthesia for long enough to allow the decay of circulating endogenous catecholamines secreted in response to initial handling. The proportion of phosphorylase a found here in innervated tissues (29±1 % for 59 observations) compares favourably with values for other muscle preparations with intact nerve and blood supplies (Cori, 1956;Stubbs & Blanchaer, 1964;Adrouny, 1969;Drummond et al, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of denervation on the glycogen content and on the activities of enzymes of glucose and glycogen metabolism in rat diaphragm muscle

Turner

Manchester

1972

Biochemical Journal

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1. Changes in the content and concentration of glycogen and in the activity of a number of enzymes involved in glucose and glycogen metabolism were studied in the rat hemidiaphragm after unilateral denervation. 2. After nerve section the tissue hypertrophies; this hypertrophy is said to be confined to the smaller red fibres and not to the white. 3. The total hexokinase activity increases, whereas that of total glycogen phosphorylase decreases. The specific activity of phosphorylase a, determined after Halothane anaesthesia, remains fairly constant. 4. In fed animals the denervated tissue stores less glycogen, but in the early stages its glycogen content does not fall on starvation. 5. The effect of denervation on the specific activities of several other characteristically white-fibre enzymes are not consistent with the response of glycogen phosphorylase; the increase in content of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase is thought to be related to proliferation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 6. The ratio of lactate dehydrogenase M/H subunits increases at the height of the hypertrophy, but then declines as the mass of the tissue falls. 7. The chronology of these changes in enzyme activities suggests a multiplicity of distinct responses after nerve section not consistent with any one model, either specific fibre development or reversion to de-differentiated, foetal-type metabolism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of denervation on the glycogen content and on the activities of enzymes of glucose and glycogen metabolism in rat diaphragm muscle

Turner

Manchester

1972

Biochemical Journal

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“…Clearly a wider study of substrate utilization in vivo is needed and some observations in the literature require clarification. For example, skeletal muscles that differ in visual redness apparently do not convert phosphorylase b into the a form to the same extent during contraction (Stubbs & Blanchaer, 1965). Though present results indicate there is no correlation between total extractable glycogen synthetase activity and capacity for glucose phosphorylation, there do seem to be differences between so-called red and white fibres in the degree to which glycogen synthesis is promoted by accumulations of intracellular glucose (Bar & Blanchaer, 1965;Bocek, Petersen & Beatty, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The activities of some enzymes concerned with energy metabolism in mammalian muscles of differing pigmentation

Burleigh

Schimke

1969

Biochemical Journal

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1. Extractable hexokinase activity was measured in the red and white skeletal muscles of the rabbit and in the hearts and diaphragms of four animal species differing markedly in size. Activities vary over a 40-fold range, being least in white skeletal muscle of the laboratory rabbit and greatest in mouse heart. 2. Hexokinase activities correlate approximately with capacities to undertake reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as determined by succinate oxidase assays. Both enzyme activities seem best related to the average contractile-energy expenditure per unit weight of muscle over an extended period, rather than to the rapidity of individual contractions. 3. Hexokinase and succinate oxidase activities cannot be related to a muscle's content of soluble pigment. They display an inverse relationship with activities of phosphorylase and glycolytic enzymes, but only within the group of rabbit skeletal muscles whose oxidative capacities are at the lower end of the observed range. 4. Total glycogen-UDP glucosyltransferase activities do not vary significantly between rabbit skeletal muscles, although those of hexokinase differ by about sixfold. On the average, glucose 6-phosphate is probably oxidized directly. However, observations cited in the literature suggest that muscles with an active hexokinase may well preferentially accumulate glycogen when glucose is present in excess of the fibres' capacity to oxidize it. 5. When considered with published results obtained in vivo, the present findings indicate that phosphorylase has a minor role in the energy expenditure of muscles with a predominantly oxidative metabolism. In these, the major substrates appear to be blood glucose, fatty acids and possibly lipids. 6. The histochemical criteria by which muscle fibres are commonly described as red or white are inadequate.

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“…On the other hand, the capacity for aerobic oxidative metabolism appears much greater in red as compared to white muscle, as shown by the observations that red muscle utilizes pyruvate and lactate more efficiently, consumes more oxygen, gives off more CO:!, has a larger number of mitochondria and a higher concentration of myoglobin and greater activities of succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, and citrate synthase (2,4,9,14,16,18,21,29,30,37,38,48).…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate and fat in energy metabolism of red and white muscle

Pande¹,

Mc²

1971

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content

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The ability of the mitochondria from red and white skeletal muscle of rabbit to oxidize various substrates with coupled phosphorylation was determined to evaluate the relative capacities of the two muscle types to utilize carbohydrate and fat for aerobic energy production. The respiratory rates were highest with pyruvate and were similar with mitochondria of red and white muscle. Compared to pyruvate, respiration with (-)palmitoylcarnitine and (-)-acetylcarnitine was only slightly slower in red but nearly half as great in white muscle mitochondria. The ADP/O values were similar with pyruvate and (-)-acetylcarnitine but lower during (-)-palmitoylcarnitine oxidation. The activities of palmitate-activating enzyme and carnitine acyltransferases were twice as high in red as in white muscle mitochondria. Thus, white muscle, and to some extent red muscle, appears potentially capable of deriving more usable energy by oxidizing carbohydrate than fat, and this correlates with the known observations that in vigorously exercising muscle carbohydrate utilization predominates over that of fat.

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Glycogen Phosphorylase and Glycogen Synthetase Activity in Red and White Skeletal Muscle of the Guinea Pig

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of denervation on the glycogen content and on the activities of enzymes of glucose and glycogen metabolism in rat diaphragm muscle

Effects of denervation on the glycogen content and on the activities of enzymes of glucose and glycogen metabolism in rat diaphragm muscle

The activities of some enzymes concerned with energy metabolism in mammalian muscles of differing pigmentation

Carbohydrate and fat in energy metabolism of red and white muscle

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