Glycine receptor immunoreactivity in the ventral cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig

Wenthold, Robert J.; Parakkal, Marianne H.; Oberdorfer, M. D.; Altschuler, Richard A.

doi:10.1002/cne.902760307

Cited by 86 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The expression of GLYT2 is in general in good agreement with the distribution of glycine receptors, as reported by immunocytochemistry (Araki et al, 1988;van den Pol and Gores, 1988;Wenthold et al, 1988) and strychnine binding studies (Zarbin et al, 1981) and with that of glycine immunoreactivity (Ottersen et al, 1987(Ottersen et al, , 1988Wenthold et al, 1987;van den Pol and Gores et al, 1988;Kolston et al, 1992). Thus, the highest levels of GLYT2 are found in the dorsal and ventral horn of the spinal cord, in the auditory system and in the nuclei of the cranial nerves.…”

Section: Glycine Transporters In Glycinergic Nellrotransmissionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells

et al. 1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glycine is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and brainstem and is also required for the activation of NMDA receptors. The extracellular concentration of this neuroactive amino acid is regulated by at least two glycine transporters (GLYT1 and GLYT2). To study the localization and properties of these proteins, sequence- specific antibodies against the cloned glycine transporters have been raised. Immunoblots show that the 50–70 kDa band corresponding to GLYT1 is expressed at the highest concentrations in the spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalon, and retina, and, in a lesser degree, to the olfactory bulb and brain hemispheres, whereas it is not detected in peripheral tissues. Pre-embedding light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry show that GLYT1 is expressed in glial cells around both glycinergic and nonglycinergic neurons except in the retina, where it is expressed by amacrine neurons, but not by glia. The expression of a 90–110 kDa band corresponding to GLYT2 is restricted to the spinal cord, brain-stem, and cerebellum; in addition, very low levels occur in the diencephalon. GLYT2 is found in presynaptic elements of neurons thought to be glycinergic. However, in the cerebellum, GLYT2 is expressed both in terminal boutons and in glial elements. The physiological consequences of the regional and cellular distributions of these two proteins as well as the possibility of the existence of an unidentified neuronal form of GLYT1 are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Glycine Transporters In Glycinergic Nellrotransmissionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells

et al. 1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In each case, GABA-and glycine-positive neuronal somata were seen to be concentrated in the DCN and in granule cell regions of the complex. A similar pattern of concentration of GABA and glycine has been shown with biochemical analysis (Fisher and Davies, 1976;Godfrey et al, 1977Godfrey et al, , 1978 and in studies of the distribution of GABA and glycine receptors (Altschuler et al, 1986;Frostholm and Rotter, 1986;Sanes et al, 1987;Glendenning and Baker, 1988;Wenthold et al, 1988;Juiz et al, 1989).…”

Section: Jk Moore Et Alsupporting

confidence: 52%

γ‐aminobutyric acid and glycine in the baboon cochlear nuclei: An immunocytochemical colocalization study with reference to interspecies differences in inhibitory systems

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies of the cochlear nuclei in cat, rat, and guinea pig have demonstrated neural structures that are enriched in the inhibitory neurotransmitter amino acids gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. In these mammals, inhibitory terminals are widely distributed throughout the nuclear complex, but somata of inhibitory neurons are concentrated in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, in granule cell regions, and in the cap area. Because these are the subdivisions that undergo the most pronounced phylogenetic changes in primates, we wanted to see whether the inhibitory systems are influenced by changes in cytoarchitecture. Therefore, we applied light microscopic postembedding immunostaining and optical densitometry to the cochlear nuclei of an anthropoid primate, the Senegalese baboon (Papio anubis). Our results demonstrate that, in baboon 1) glycinergic neurons and axons in the ventral cochlear nucleus seem to form a commissural system similar to that of other mammals; 2) the tuberculoventral system appears to be unchanged in morphology but exhibits a higher level of colocalization of GABA with glycine; 3) there is a reduction of the granule/cartwheel cell system, which is reflected in lesser numbers of inhibitory cartwheel, Golgi, and molecular layer stellate cells; 4) the cap area is larger than in rodents and carnivores and contains many neurons that colocalize GABA and glycine; and 5) throughout the nuclear complex, a higher proportion of the inhibitory terminals colocalize GABA and glycine. We conclude that modulation of the ascending auditory pathway in baboon is likely to differ from that in rodents and cat.

show abstract

“…All of the cell types that receive commissural inputs are contacted by glycinergic boutons and express glycine receptors (Altschuler et al, 1986;Wenthold et al, 1987Wenthold et al, , 1988Kolston et al, 1992;Juiz et al, 1996). The commissural pathways represent only one of several sources of noncochlear and potentially inhibitory input to the neurons of the VCN and DCN (extensive literature reviewed by Wenthold, 1991;Altschuler et al, 1993;Caspary et al, 1993;Evans and Zhao, 1993;Oertel and Wickesberg, 1993;Saint Marie et al, 1993;Saldafia, 1993).…”

Section: Targets Of the Commissural Axonsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Origins and targets of commissural connections between the cochlear nuclei in guinea pigs

Schofield

Cant

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our objective was to identify the origins and targets of axons that project from one cochlear nucleus to the other. First, retrograde tracers were injected into one cochlear nucleus to label commissural cells in the opposite nucleus. In the dorsal cochlear nucleus, a few cells in the deep layers were labeled; they were not further classified according to type. In the ventral cochlear nucleus, all commissural cells that could be classified were multipolar cells. Second, an anterograde tracer was injected into one cochlear nucleus, and the distribution of boutons in the opposite cochlear nucleus was examined. Labeled boutons were present throughout the ventral cochlear nucleus, where they appeared to contact multipolar cells, spherical and globular bushy cells, and octopus cells. In the dorsal cochlear nucleus, labeled boutons were present in the fusiform cell and deep layers and appeared to contact fusiform cells and cells of unknown type. Many labeled terminals were also present in the granule cell regions. Injections into regions associated with high or low frequencies labeled boutons in corresponding regions in the contralateral ventral cochlear nucleus. Third, multiple tracers were used to determine whether cells that project to the inferior colliculus are contacted by commissural axons. Boutons labeled by anterograde transport of one tracer placed in the cochlear nucleus were frequently observed to be apposed to cells that were labeled by retrograde transport of a different tracer placed in the contralateral inferior colliculus. We conclude that commissural projections originate from multipolar cells throughout the ventral cochlear nucleus (and from a small number of cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus) and make contact with all major cell types of the cochlear nuclei, including at least some of those that project to the inferior colliculus.

show abstract

Glycine receptor immunoreactivity in the ventral cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig

Cited by 86 publications

References 28 publications

Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells

Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells

γ‐aminobutyric acid and glycine in the baboon cochlear nuclei: An immunocytochemical colocalization study with reference to interspecies differences in inhibitory systems

Origins and targets of commissural connections between the cochlear nuclei in guinea pigs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About