“…Amino acids are the "building blocks of proteins" comprised of amine (-NH 2 ), carboxyl functional groups (-COOH), and specific side chains in their structure. Due to the existence of side chains, these amino acid residues can interact with other compounds and hence act as eco-friendly, biocompatible capping agents (Figure 4) (Ghiyasiyan-Arani et al, 2018;Basnet et al, 2020;Hameed et al, 2020;Báez-Cruz et al, 2021). Maruyama et al (2015) reported the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using 20 different types of amino acids (alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, glutamic acid, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine).…”