Glyceryl trinitrate blocks staphyloxanthin and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Background Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial bacterium that is responsible for a number of infections that may be fatal. The treatment of such infections is limited by emergence of antibiotic resistance. Targeting virulence of Staphylococcus aureus may provide an alternative option to antibiotic that may bypass the emergence of resistant strains due to lack of stress on viability. Objectives Investigation of the ability of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) to inhibit staphyloxanthin, biofilm and tolerance to oxidative stress. Methods The disk sensitivity method was used to detect the methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus . The effect of sub-inhibitory concentration of GTN on biofilm formation, staphyloxanthin production and tolerance to oxidative stress was evaluated. Molecular docking study was used to investigate the ability of GTN to bind to dehydrosqualene synthase enzyme. Results GTN showed a significant inhibition of biofilm, staphyloxanthin and tolerance to oxidative stress. In the molecular docking study, it was found that GTN could bind to dehydrosqualene synthase enzyme by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and pi-cation interaction. Conclusion The present study revealed the ability of GTN to serve as a potential anti-virulence candidate for attenuation of S. aureus pathogenicity.

In Vitro Antibacterial, Anti-Adhesive and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Krameria lappacea (Dombey) Burdet & B.B. Simpson Root Extract against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

“…), determined at λ = 570 nm, the bacterial strains were classified as non-adherent, weakly adherent and strongly adherent [ 30 ]. S. aureus ATCC 6538, a well-known biofilm-forming strain [ 31 ], was the major producer (O.D. = 0.883).…”

Genome-Wide Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 72 Isolates Provides Insights Into Resistance Against Antimicrobial Agents and Virulence Potential

“…Staphyloxanthin pigment was extracted using a previously published protocol ( Abbas et al, 2019 ). Briefly, S. aureus strains were grown in TSB for 12 h at 37°C and 200 rpm orbital shaking culture conditions.…”

Staphyloxanthin as a Potential Novel Target for Deciphering Promising Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Agents

“…Glyceryl trinitrate GTN has nine hydrogen bonds with Arg45, Tyr129, Gln165, Asn168, Val 133 and Tyr248 electrostatic interaction with Arg45 and Asp48 and pi-cation interaction of the nitrogen atom with Tyr183 [61].…”