Glycerol metabolism and its implication in virulence in Mycoplasma

Blötz, Cedric; Stülke, Jörg

doi:10.1093/femsre/fux033

Cited by 66 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…RF39 genomes also lacked the GK-encoding gene, which suggests that RF39 cannot utilize glycerol from diet or the gut membrane. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a by-product of G3P oxidation, and has deleterious effects on epithelial surfaces in humans and animals (27). On the other hand, these H 2 O 2 catabolism genes were more frequently identified in uncultured environmental Tenericutes (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomics of expanding uncultured environmental Tenericutes provides insights into their pathogenicity and evolutionary relationship with Bacilli

Wang

Huang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Tenericutes 26 2 ABSTRACT 27 The metabolic capacity, stress response and evolution of uncultured environmental 28 Tenericutes have remained elusive, since previous studies have been largely focused on 29 pathogenic species. In this study, we expanded analyses on Tenericutes lineages that 30 inhabit various environments using a collection of 840 genomes. Several novel 31 environmental lineages were discovered inhabiting the human gut, ground water, 32 bioreactors and hypersaline lake and spanning the Haloplasmatales and 33 Mycoplasmatales orders. A phylogenomics analysis of Bacilli and Tenericutes 34 genomes revealed that some uncultured Tenericutes are affiliated with novel clades in 35 Bacilli, such as RF39, RFN20 and ML615. Erysipelotrichales and two major gut 36 lineages, RF39 and RFN20, were found to be neighboring clades of Mycoplasmatales. 37We detected habitat-specific functional patterns between the pathogenic, gut and the 38 environmental Tenericutes, where genes involved in carbohydrate storage, carbon 39 fixation, mutation repair, environmental response and amino acid cleavage are 40 overrepresented in the genomes of environmental lineages. We hypothesize that the two 41 major gut lineages, namely RF39 and RFN20, are probably acetate and hydrogen 42 producers. Furthermore, deteriorating capacity of bactoprenol synthesis for cell wall 43 peptidoglycan precursors secretion is a potential adaptive strategy employed by these 44 lineages in response to the gut environment. This study uncovers the characteristic 45 functions of environmental Tenericutes and their relationships with Bacilli, which 46 sheds new light onto the pathogenicity and evolutionary processes of 47 Mycoplasmatales. 48 IMPORTANCE 49 Environmental Tenericutes bacteria were recently discovered in numerous 50 environments. However, our current collection of Tenericutes genomes was 51 overrepresented by those for pathogens. Our phylogenomics study displays the 52 relationships between all the available Tenericutes, as well as those between 53Tenericutes and the clades in Bacilli, which casts lights into the uncertain boundary 54 between the environmental lineages of Tenericutes and Bacilli. By comparing the 55 3 genomes of the environmental and pathogenic Tenericutes, we revealed the metabolic 56 pathways and adaptive strategies of the Tenericutes in the different environments and 57 hosts. We also predicted the metabolism of the two major gut lineages RF39 and 58 RFN20 of Tenericutes, indicating their potential importance in stabilization of the gut 59 microbiome and contribution to human health. 60 61 INTRODUCTION 62The phylum Tenericutes is composed of bacteria lacking a peptidoglycan cell wall. 63The most well-studied clade belonging to this phylum is Mollicutes, which contains 64 medically relevant genera, including Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and Acholeplasma. 65 All reported mollicutes are commensals or obligate parasites of humans, domestic 66 animals, plants and insects (1). Most studies so far have focused on pathogenic stra...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomics of expanding uncultured environmental Tenericutes provides insights into their pathogenicity and evolutionary relationship with Bacilli

Wang

Huang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Glycerol metabolism and its metabolic product H 2 O 2 contributes to the virulence of Mycoplasma ( Blötz and Stülke 2017 ; Hames et al 2009 ). The glpF-glpK-glpD gene cluster was found in the M. bovirhinis genome ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analysis of Mycoplasma bovirhinis GS01 Reveals Potential Virulence Factors and Phylogenetic Relationships

Chen¹,

Hao²,

Zhao

et al. 2018

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Mycoplasma bovirhinis is a significant etiology in bovine pneumonia and mastitis, but our knowledge about the genetic and pathogenic mechanisms of M. bovirhinis is very limited. In this study, we sequenced the complete genome of M. bovirhinis strain GS01 isolated from the nasal swab of pneumonic calves in Gansu, China, and we found that its genome forms a 847,985 bp single circular chromosome with a GC content of 27.57% and with 707 protein-coding genes. The putative virulence determinants of M. bovirhinis were then analyzed. Results showed that three genomic islands and 16 putative virulence genes, including one adhesion gene enolase, seven surface lipoproteins, proteins involved in glycerol metabolism, and cation transporters, might be potential virulence factors. Glycerol and pyruvate metabolic pathways were defective. Comparative analysis revealed remarkable genome variations between GS01 and a recently reported HAZ141_2 strain, and extremely low homology with others mycoplasma species. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that M. bovirhinis was most genetically close to M. canis, distant from other bovine Mycoplasma species. Genomic dissection may provide useful information on the pathogenic mechanisms and genetics of M. bovirhinis.

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“…These regions, distributed around the Mmc genome, consisted of 68 genes. The first two regions (D1 and D2) encode enzymes and putative glycerol transporters involved in the production of hydrogen peroxide using the glycerol-dependent metabolism of mycoplasmas (10). The region D3 encodes major antigens (LppA/P72) in Mycoplasma mycoides (21) that induced T cell responses early in infection (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipoproteins have been proposed to be involved in both aspects by using their cytoadherent properties and allowing antigenic variability through phase or sequence variation (8). Other candidate virulence traits, such as the Mycoplasma Ig binding protein- Mycoplasma Ig protease (MIB-MIP) system (9) and the hydrogen peroxide production system (10) have been suggested, but not confirmed in vivo .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of a subset of non-essential genes fully attenuates a highly virulentMycoplasmastrain

Jores

Stolzmann³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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IMPORTANCE 43Members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster cause important animal plaques in Africa and 44 Asia, which impact animal welfare, provision of food and the life of thousands of small-scale 45 farmers. We applied synthetic biology tools to Mycoplasma mycoides in order to design and 46 create a fully attenuated Mycoplasma strain that was subsequently confirmed in vivo using a 47 65 pathogenicity. Due to their regressive evolution by gene loss , mycoplasmas appear to lack 66 many of the common bacterial effectors and toxins used to interact with their hosts or to escape 67 the hosts' immune systems (6, 7). Lipoproteins have been proposed to be involved in both 68 aspects by using their cytoadherent properties and allowing antigenic variability through phase 69 or sequence variation (8). Other candidate virulence traits, such as the Mycoplasma Ig binding 70 protein-Mycoplasma Ig protease (MIB-MIP) system (9) and the hydrogen peroxide production 71 system (10) have been suggested, but not confirmed in vivo. 72

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Glycerol metabolism and its implication in virulence in Mycoplasma

Cited by 66 publications

References 129 publications

Phylogenomics of expanding uncultured environmental Tenericutes provides insights into their pathogenicity and evolutionary relationship with Bacilli

Phylogenomics of expanding uncultured environmental Tenericutes provides insights into their pathogenicity and evolutionary relationship with Bacilli

Genome-Wide Analysis of Mycoplasma bovirhinis GS01 Reveals Potential Virulence Factors and Phylogenetic Relationships

Removal of a subset of non-essential genes fully attenuates a highly virulentMycoplasmastrain

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