Glycerol-Based Carbon-SO<sub>3</sub>H Catalyzed Benign Synthetic Protocol for the Acetylation of Alcohols, Phenols and Amines under Solvent-Free Conditions

Abstract

A simple and efficient solvent-free method was developed for the acetylation of alcohols, phenols and amines in excellent yields employing glycerol-based sulfonic acid (SO 3 H) functionalized carbon catalyst under environmentally benign reaction conditions. The salient features of this protocol are the short reaction time, ease of product isolation and reusability of the carbon catalyst.

Glycerol Valorization as Biofuel Additives by Employing a Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalyst Derived from Glycerol

“…Recently, carbon-based solid acid catalysts have gained significant attraction over homogeneous catalysts as they are highly efficient, sustainable, and eco-friendly and can be reused several times without appreciable loss of activity . In this context, we have demonstrated that sulfonic acid functionalized heterogeneous carbon catalysts derived from glycerol (biodiesel byproduct)/glycerol pitch (waste from fat splitting industry) are promising catalysts for the esterification of fatty acids, tetrahydropyranyl protection and deprotection of alcohols and phenols, simultaneous esterification and transesterification of nonedible oils, acetylation of alcohols, phenols, and amines, and also the regioselective azidolysis of epoxides. − In continuation of our efforts toward exploring the applications of the carbon acid catalyst having 1.6 mmol/g acid density with surface area of 0.21 m 2 /g, we herein report a simple and highly efficient two-step process for the production of TAG, a biofuel additive by esterification of glycerol with acetic acid followed by acetylation of glycerol acetates with acetic anhydride at 115 °C within 1.5 h with high selectivity and reusability.…”

Chemoselective Acetylation of 2-Aminophenol Using Immobilized Lipase: Process Optimization, Mechanism, and Kinetics

“…Enhanced solubility of the reactant in the medium increases its accessibility to the active site of the lipase without disturbing water activity. The lipase showed optimum activity in a nonpolar solvent (log P > 4), and a mid-polar solvent (2 < log P < 4) maintained the activity of the lipase compared with polar solvents. ,, The results of effect of solvents such as tert -butyl alcohol ( t -BA) (log P = 0.584), tetrahydrofuran (log P = 0.59), dimethylformamide (DMF) (log P = −0.829), and 1,4-dioxane (log P = 0.03) are in line with the findings in the literature. Novozym 435 showed 3.7 and 40% conversion for DMF and 1,4-dioxane, respectively.…”

“…It also reduced oxidative stress markers with relevance to its anti-inflammatory activity . It can be synthesized using various organic reagents such as N -acyl- N -(4-chlorophenyl)-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamides, stannous chloride, chloroamine, and trifluroacetic acids. − Different catalysts such as chitosan-supported Zn mixed ligands, Keggin-type Brønsted dodecatungstophosphoric acid and doped silica gel complexes, and supported solid acids are used in the single-pot production of amides from ketone via a Beckmann rearrangement. − The solid acid catalyst and silver nanoparticle embedded mesoporous polyaniline nanocomposites were also explored for the synthesis of acylated aniline and other amino alcohols. , This type of rearrangement can be carried out with self-catalyzed direct amidation of ketone . Copper oxide nanoparticles in water were applied for the synthesis of benzoxazoles and o -hydroxyanilides .…”

Biyodizel Yan Ürünü Olan Gliserolden Üretilen Katalizör ile Yakıt Katkı Maddesi Bütil Levulinat Sentezi

“…2nitrofenolün katalitik bozunmasında %80 dönüşüm elde etmişlerdir [15]. Gangadhar ve arkadaşları 1oktanolün asetilasyonunu ağırlıkça %10 gliserol temelli karbon katalizörün varlığında gerçekleştirmişler ve %90 verim elde etmişlerdir [16].…”