Glycemic Status, Lipid Profile and Proteinuria in Diabetic nephropathy

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
 Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of Diabetes Mellitus characterized by persistent albuminuria, elevated arterial blood pressure, a relentless decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
 METHODS:
 In this study, urinary micro-albumin estimation was done in 177 diabetic patients. This study aims to ascertain association of glycemicstatus, lipid profile and proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with nephropathy.
 RESULTS:
 Among 177 patients, 26 had frank proteinuria, 79 had micro-albuminuria and 72 were without proteinuria. Increased frequency ofproteinuria was seen in male than female. Micro-albuminuria and frank proteinuria was seen more in older age group. The multiple comparisons showed the significantly increased levels of urea, creatinine, fasting blood glucose in micro-albuminuria and overt proteinuria patients in comparison to without proteinuria. Glycated hemoglobin level was increased with the increasing age group particularly in overt proteinuric patients.
 CONCLUSIONS:
 The glycemic control, monitoring of lipid profile and early urinary protein estimation with better management may delay diabetic nephropathy or its further complications in diabetes mellitus. 
 KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, frank proteinuria, glycated hemoglobin, micro-albuminuria.

Zhenqing recipe alleviates diabetic nephropathy in experimental type 2 diabetic rats through suppression of SREBP-1c

“…Both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia have been linked to diabetic complications, especially renal damage (Noh et al, 2006;Jha et al, 2010;Rosario and Prabhakar, 2006). The type 2 diabetic rats in our study demonstrated high blood glucose, high TG and TC than normal control rats.…”

Epidemiology of microvascular complications of diabetes in South Asians and comparison with other ethnicities

“…In a tertiary care center in Chennai, south India, 152 patients with T2DM and normal urinary albumin excretion were followed‐up for median of 11 years; proteinuria developed in 44.1% of these patients, with HbA1c (OR 2.3; P < 0.0001) and the presence of retinopathy (OR 3.9; P < 0.001) emerging as risk factors for progression on multivariate regression analysis . Similar cross‐sectional data have been reported from other countries in South Asia (Table ) . It is of note that 10%–23% of individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes had MiAU at diagnosis.…”

“…18 Similar cross-sectional data have been reported from other countries in South Asia (Table 3). [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] It is of note that 10%-23% of individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes had MiAU at diagnosis. Prospective data are available from Chennai, south India, where 44% of 152 normoalbuminuric patients with T2DM progressed to proteinuria within 11 years.…”

Correlation of Haemoglobin level and Urine Albumin in relation to Glycated Haemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes

“…HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) is a form of haemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Measurement of HbA1c is used to determine average glycemic control over an [8][9][10][11][12] week period as the life span of the RBcs is 80-120 days (12). It can be performed at any time of the day and does not require any special preparation such as fasting.…”

“…Glycosylated haemoglobin is a useful index of mean glycaemia during the preceding 120 days (10).An increase in blood glucose concentration increases the glycated haemoglobin fraction. It is also a predictor of complications as measures reducing HbA1c correspondingly reduce the risk of complications (11).…”