Glutathione S-transferase expression in the human testis and testicular germ cell neoplasia

Klys, H S; Whillis, D.; Howard, G.C.W.; Harrison, David J.

doi:10.1038/bjc.1992.319

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This suggests that the expression of Pgp or GSTPl-l could be an indicator of sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. A previous study showed GSTPl-l expression in all histological types of testis cancer immunohistochemically (Klys et al, 1992). However, Western-blot analysis performed in the present study demonstrated lower intensity of GSTP1-1 in seminoma than in teratoma on the blotted membrane, suggesting lower amounts of GSTP1-1 in seminoma than in teratoma ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Immunohistochemical detection of P-glycoprotein and GSTP1-1 in testis cancer

Katagiri

Tomita²,

Nishiyama³

et al. 1993

Br J Cancer

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Summary P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and pi-class glutathione S-transferase (GSTPI-1) are thought to be correlated with multiple drug resistance. In immunohistochemical staining, non-seminomatous germ cell tumours, which are more refractory than seminomas to anti-cancer chemotherapy, frequently expressed Pgp and GSTP1-1. Western blot analysis demonstrated lower amount of GSTPl-l in seminoma than in teratoma. These results suggest that Pgp and GSTPI-I might contribute to drug resistance in testis cancers

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Immunohistochemical detection of P-glycoprotein and GSTP1-1 in testis cancer

Katagiri

Tomita²,

Nishiyama³

et al. 1993

Br J Cancer

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“…GST P is a marker of preneoplasia in animal models of carcinogenesis (Kitahara et al, 1984), and GSTP expression is altered in early and advanced human neoplasia. It has been described as a marker for dysplastic lesions of cervix, oesophagus and colon and for intratubular germ cell neoplasia in the testis (Shiratori et al, 1987;Sato, 1989;Kodate et al, 1986;Klys et al, 1992). However, the specificity of this is in doubt since GST P expression is also increased in certain non-neoplastic epithelial proliferations, e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Negative controls were prepared by omitting the primary antibody. Staining for GST P was carried out as described previously (Klys et al, 1992) using a polyclonal rabbit antibody, which was a kind gift from G.J. Beckett, University Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Edinburgh, UK.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of glutathione S-transferase Pi in non-invasive ductal carcinoma of breast

Bellamy

Harrison²

1994

Br J Cancer

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Summary Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GST P) has been reported to be a marker of dysplastic lesions. For this reason expression of GST P by intraduct breast carcinoma was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Thirty-seven of 92 carcinomas (40%) were GST P positive. GST P staining did not correlate with histological variables, c-erbB-2 overexpression or with clinical outcome. The GST P status of recurrences did not correlate with that of the index lesion. There is little evidence that GST P is a useful marker of the potential of intraduct breast carcinoma to become invasive.The GSTs are a multigene family of intracellular proteins currently categorised into four cytosolic classes (called GST A, M, P and T) and microsomal GST (Mannervik et al., 1992). They play a major role in prevention of cell injury through catalysing detoxification reactions for a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous cytotoxins, including chemotherapeutic agents (Mannervik, 1985). The GSTs have an additional but less well-characterised function as intracellular binding proteins and may act as intracellular transport molecules for non-polar compounds, including steroid hormones (Boyer, 1989). GST P is a marker of preneoplasia in animal models of carcinogenesis (Kitahara et al., 1984), and GSTP expression is altered in early and advanced human neoplasia. It has been described as a marker for dysplastic lesions of cervix, oesophagus and colon and for intratubular germ cell neoplasia in the testis (Shiratori et al., 1987;Sato, 1989;Kodate et al., 1986;Klys et al., 1992). However, the specificity of this is in doubt since GST P expression is also increased in certain non-neoplastic epithelial proliferations, e.g. cervical viral warts (Carder et al., 1990). A wide variety of invasive carcinomas show increased GSTP expression (Howie et al., 1990), although this is not a universal phenomenon (Harrison, 1993).GST P is the major GST class in breast cancers and it is overexpressed in a subclass of oestrogen receptor-poor carcinomas (Howie et al., 1989). The implications for therapy are highlighted by data from a breast carcinoma cell line showing that increased GST expression and loss of oestrogen receptors occurs during acquisition of a multidrug-resistant phenotype (Moscow et al., 1988;Vickers et al., 1988). However the clinical value of these observations has yet to be tested. A recent immunohistochemical study of 74 cases of invasive breast carcinoma has shown heterogeneity of GST staining, but whether this is related to intrinsic drug resistance is not known (Cairns et al., 1992). The results of that study indicated that GST P expression is negatively correlated with increasing grade of carcinoma.There is, however, no published information on GST expression by intraduct breast carcinoma (ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS), which represents the earliest morphologically recognisable form of breast carcinoma and from which invasive carcinoma may develop. The present short study aimed to analyse GST P expression by immunohistochemistry of a series of 92 p...

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“…The elevated levels of π class GSTs (Yδ) on PB treatment of testis indicates increased carcinomas in testis. The π form is not expressed in normal spermatogonia but is over expressed in germ cell neoplasia and can be used as a marker of germ cell cancer (Klys et al, 1992). The GST π class is absent in normal liver of rats (Fig.9) and is induced during carcinogenesis .…”

Section: Disscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study on glutathione transferases of rat brain and testis under the stress of phenobarbitol and β-methylcholanthrene

Thyagaraju¹,

Hemavathi²,

Vasundhara³

et al. 2005

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci.

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Abstract:A comparative study was made on the tissue specific expression of glutathione transferases (GST) in brain and testis after exposure of rat to phenobarbitol (PB) and β-methylcholanthrene (MC). Glutathione transferases, a family of multifunctional proteins are involved in intracellular transport processes and in detoxication of electrophilic xenobiotics by catalyzing reactions such as conjugation, isomerization, reduction and thiolysis. On purification, the yield of GST proteins by affinity chromatography was 39% in testis and 32% in brain. The affinity purified testis GSTs were resolved by chromatofocusing into six anionic and four cationic isozymes, and in brain glutathione transferases were resolved into four anionic and three cationic isozymes, suggesting the presence of multiple isozymes with Yc, Yb, Yβ and Yδ in both of them. In testis and brain, these isozymes at identical pI values showed variable functions with a battery of substrates and the cationic isozymes of brain and testis showed identical properties in CHP (cumene hydroperoxide) at pH values of above 7.0. Substrate specificity studies and immunoblot analysis of testis and brain proteins revealed that they play a predominant role in the detoxication of phenobarbitol or β-methylcholanthrene. Expression of the isozymes in testis and brain on exposure to PB and MC indicated elevated subunit variation. In both testis and brain, Yδ of π class was expressed on PB treatment and Yc of α class and Yβ of µ class was expressed in MC treated testis and only Yc was predominantly expressed in MC treated brain. Thus these subunits expression is considered as markers for carcinogenesis and specific to chemical toxicity under phenobarbitol and β-methylcholanthrene stress.

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Glutathione S-transferase expression in the human testis and testicular germ cell neoplasia

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Immunohistochemical detection of P-glycoprotein and GSTP1-1 in testis cancer

Immunohistochemical detection of P-glycoprotein and GSTP1-1 in testis cancer

Evaluation of glutathione S-transferase Pi in non-invasive ductal carcinoma of breast

Comparative study on glutathione transferases of rat brain and testis under the stress of phenobarbitol and β-methylcholanthrene

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