Glutathione S-transferase: a versatile protein family

Vaish, Swati; Gupta, Divya; Mehrotra, Rajesh; Mehrotra, Santosh; Basantani, Mahesh Kumar

doi:10.1007/s13205-020-02312-3

Cited by 95 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…The GSTs substrates have a common chemical feature, i.e., carbon-carbon double bonds near to an electron acceptor group, termed the ‘Michael acceptor’ [ 132 ]. It was first discovered in Z. mays , where these enzymes were found to be involved in the detoxification of herbicide atrazine via conjugation reaction [ 133 ]. With time, their roles as carriers for hormones, secondary metabolites and other enzymes have been discovered.…”

Section: Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Systems In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, G. max , A. thaliana , O. sativa , H. vulgare , T. aestivum , Populus , V. radiata and Medicago contain 101, 55, 82, 84, 52, 81, 44 and 73 GSTs, respectively. An extensive survey on the types and functions of GSTs has been reviewed recently [ 133 , 134 ]. Three GSTs from P. yatungensis and P. euphratica were overexpressed in A. thaliana , resulting in an increased salt and drought resistance in the transgenics.…”

Section: Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Systems In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress

Rajput

Harish

Singh

et al. 2021

Biology

371

151

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The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in overcoming various stress conditions. Mainly, these plant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferases (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which work as part of the antioxidant defence system. These enzymes together form a complex set of mechanisms to minimise, buffer, and scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently. The present review is aimed at articulating the current understanding of each of these enzymatic components, with special attention on the role of each enzyme in response to the various environmental, especially abiotic stresses, their molecular characterisation, and reaction mechanisms. The role of the enzymatic defence system for plant health and development, their significance, and cross-talk mechanisms are discussed in detail. Additionally, the application of antioxidant enzymes in developing stress-tolerant transgenic plants are also discussed.

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Section: Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Systems In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Systems In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress

Rajput

Harish

Singh

et al. 2021

Biology

371

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, the chemical variability of functional groups that can undergo conjugation with GSH is very broad and includes electrophilic moieties ranging from epoxides to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, as well as thiols, disulfides, and peroxides [1]. Second, the reaction with GSH can be catalyzed by glutathione transferases (GST), but can also occur spontaneously, depending on the reactivity of the substrates and/or their capacity to fit the enzymatic pocket [15]. The last cause, common to all metabolic reactions, is the lack of truly accurate metabolic datasets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MetaTREE, a Novel Database Focused on Metabolic Trees, Predicts an Important Detoxification Mechanism: The Glutathione Conjugation

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Data accuracy plays a key role in determining the model performances and the field of metabolism prediction suffers from the lack of truly reliable data. To enhance the accuracy of metabolic data, we recently proposed a manually curated database collected by a meta-analysis of the specialized literature (MetaQSAR). Here we aim to further increase data accuracy by focusing on publications reporting exhaustive metabolic trees. This selection should indeed reduce the number of false negative data. (2) Methods: A new metabolic database (MetaTREE) was thus collected and utilized to extract a dataset for metabolic data concerning glutathione conjugation (MT-dataset). After proper pre-processing, this dataset, along with the corresponding dataset extracted from MetaQSAR (MQ-dataset), was utilized to develop binary classification models using a random forest algorithm. (3) Results: The comparison of the models generated by the two collected datasets reveals the better performances reached by the MT-dataset (MCC raised from 0.63 to 0.67, sensitivity from 0.56 to 0.58). The analysis of the applicability domain also confirms that the model based on the MT-dataset shows a more robust predictive power with a larger applicability domain. (4) Conclusions: These results confirm that focusing on metabolic trees represents a convenient approach to increase data accuracy by reducing the false negative cases. The encouraging performances shown by the models developed by the MT-dataset invites to use of MetaTREE for predictive studies in the field of xenobiotic metabolism.

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“…It is most likely that other defense pathways differed from GST pathways in C 4 -PEPC -expressing transgenic rice, which is also probably affected by environmental conditions such as nitrogen supply. Notably, GST also participates in modulating plant growth and development [ 31 ]. GST interacting with far-red insensitive 219 was involved in the regulation of cell elongation and plant development [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEPC of sugarcane regulated glutathione S-transferase and altered carbon–nitrogen metabolism under different N source concentrations in Oryza sativa

et al. 2021

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Background Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays an important role in the primary metabolism of higher plants. Several studies have revealed the critical importance of PEPC in the interaction of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. However, the function mechanism of PEPC in nitrogen metabolism is unclear and needs further investigation. Results This study indicates that transgenic rice expressing the sugarcane C4-PEPC gene displayed shorter primary roots and fewer crown roots at the seedling stage. However, total nitrogen content was significantly higher in transgenic rice than in wild type (WT) plants. Proteomic analysis revealed that there were more differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) responding to nitrogen changes in transgenic rice. In particular, the most enriched pathway “glutathione (GSH) metabolism”, which mainly contains GSH S-transferase (GST), was identified in transgenic rice. The expression of endogenous PEPC, GST and several genes involved in the TCA cycle, glycolysis and nitrogen assimilation changed in transgenic rice. Correspondingly, the activity of enzymes including GST, citrate synthase, 6-phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase significantly changed. In addition, the levels of organic acids in the TCA cycle and carbohydrates including sucrose, starch and soluble sugar altered in transgenic rice under different nitrogen source concentrations. GSH that the substrate of GST and its components including glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine accumulated in transgenic rice. Moreover, the levels of phytohormones including indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT) and isopentenyladenosine (2ip) were lower in the roots of transgenic rice under total nutrients. Taken together, the phenotype, physiological and biochemical characteristics of transgenic rice expressing C4-PEPC were different from WT under different nitrogen levels. Conclusions Our results revealed the possibility that PEPC affects nitrogen metabolism through regulating GST, which provide a new direction and concepts for the further study of the PEPC functional mechanism in nitrogen metabolism.

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Glutathione S-transferase: a versatile protein family

Cited by 95 publications

References 129 publications

Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress

Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress

MetaTREE, a Novel Database Focused on Metabolic Trees, Predicts an Important Detoxification Mechanism: The Glutathione Conjugation

PEPC of sugarcane regulated glutathione S-transferase and altered carbon–nitrogen metabolism under different N source concentrations in Oryza sativa

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