Glutathione “Redox Homeostasis” and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

Bajić, Vladan; Neste, Christophe Van; Obradović, Milan; Zafirović, Sonja; Radak, Djordje; Bajić, Vladimir B.; Essack, Magbubah; Isenović, Esma R.

doi:10.1155/2019/5028181

Cited by 114 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…In addition, low PON1 levels in human plasma are associated with increased risks of heart disease (Schrader and Rimbach 2011;Wang et al 2012;Litvinov, Mahini, and Garelnabi 2012). GSH, the most abundant antioxidant in the heart, protects against oxidative stress, myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease at physiological levels (Bajic et al 2019).…”

Section: Betanin Atherogenesis and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betanin as a multipath oxidative stress and inflammation modulator: a beetroot pigment with protective effects on cardiovascular disease pathogenesis

Silva

Baião

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Oxidative stress is a common physiopathological condition enrolled in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Individuals in such a redox imbalance status present endothelial dysfunctions and inflammation, reaching the onset of heart disease. Phytochemicals are able to attenuate the main mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation and should be considered as supportive therapies to manage risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including betanin (betanidin-5-O-b-glucoside), a pigment displaying the potential to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammantion, as previously demonstrated in preclinical trials. Betanin resists gastrointestinal digestion, is absorbed by the epithelial cells of intestinal mucosa and reaches the plasma in its active form. Betanin displays free-radical scavenger ability through hydrogen or electron donation, preserving lipid structures and LDL particles while inducing the transcription of antioxidant genes through the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and, simultaneously, suppressing the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-B pathways. This review discusses the anti-radical and gene regulatory cardioprotective activities of betanin in the pathophysiology of endothelial damage and atherogenesis, the main conditions for cardiovascular disease. In addition, betanin influences on these multipath cellular signals and aiding in reducing cardiovascular disorders is proposed.

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Section: Betanin Atherogenesis and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betanin as a multipath oxidative stress and inflammation modulator: a beetroot pigment with protective effects on cardiovascular disease pathogenesis

Silva

Baião

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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show abstract

“…GSH is the principal intracellular antioxidant, which may act directly by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and plays an essential role in several metabolic and cellular processes. Deficiency of GSH causes cellular risk for oxidative damage, and thus, as expected, GSH imbalance is observed in a wide range of pathological conditions including cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases, tuberculosis, HIV, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, infertility, and cancer [70][71][72][73]. Although it is widely accepted that the GSH antioxidant defenses of the body decrease linearly with age [74], studies on old rats that had never been sick before revealed GSH was at the same level as in young rats [29].…”

Section: Glutathionementioning

confidence: 55%

“…Although intracellular GSH mainly exists as a monomer in reduced form (more than 98% of GSH), severe oxidative stress (OS) can overcome the ability of the cell to reduce GSSG to GSH leading to accumulation of GSSG [69]. Thus, the ratio of GSH and GSSG is considered to be a marker of OS [70].…”

Section: Glutathionementioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Role of Glutathione in the Mechanism of Fever

Wrotek

Sobocińska

Kozłowski

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Glutathione is one of the most important and potent antioxidants. The development of pharmacological compounds that can either increase or decrease glutathione concentrations has allowed investigation into the role of glutathione in various biological processes, including immune responses. Recent findings have shown that glutathione not only affects certain factors involved in immunological processes but also modifies complex immune reactions such as fever. Until recently, it was not known why some patients do not develop fever during infection. Data suggest that fever induction is associated with oxidative stress; therefore, antioxidants such as glutathione can reduce pyrexia. Surprisingly, new studies have shown that low glutathione levels can also inhibit fever. In this review, we focus on recent advances in this area, with an emphasis on the role of glutathione in immune responses accompanied by fever. We describe evidence showing that disturbed glutathione homeostasis may be responsible for the lack of fever during infections. We also discuss the biological significance of the antipyretic effects produced by pharmacological glutathione modulators.

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“…Indeed, it is well know that free radical play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several disease including pulmonary, cancer, rheumatoid, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, etc [16][17][18][19][20] . Thus, the present study evaluate the LAMIC antioxidant activity by using three methods that are DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity assay and the FRAP assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant properties and subchronic toxicity of the standardized extract of LAMIC, a phytomedicine prototype based on aqueous extracts from trunk bark of Lannea microcarpa Engl and K. Krause

Belemnaba¹,

Soubeiga²,

Ouédraogo³

et al. 2019

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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Aims: This study investigated the antioxidant activity and the 90 days subchronic toxicity of the standardized LAMIC phytomedicine prototype based on aqueous extracts from Lannea microcarpa trunk bark. Methods: Three spectrophotometric methods were used to evaluated the antioxidant activity of LAMIC which were 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzolin-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. For the standardized LAMIC subchronic toxicity study, male and female Wistar rats were used by daily oral administration at doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw consecutively for 90 days. Results: The LAMIC extract exhibit better inhibitory activity against DPPH radical than ABTS radical with respective IC50 values of 45.38±3.21 µg/mL and 66.45±18.76 µg/mL, while FRAP assay exhibit antioxidant activity of 211.34±15.92 mmol EAA/g. Subchronic oral administration of LAMIC was well-tolerated at all tested doses. No behavioral and physiological changes and mortality were observed. The LAMIC extract did not present any impact on general hematological parameters and biochemical parameters. Moreover, no significant changes were raised in organ and body weight of treated groups compared to the Control group. Conclusion: These results support that LAMIC prototype was a valuable source of natural antioxidants and no toxicity was associated to its long terms oral consumption in rats indicating a potential application as a cardiovascular protective formulation. Keywords: LAMIC–Lannea microcarpa–Standardization–Antioxidant–Subchronic toxicity.

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Glutathione “Redox Homeostasis” and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 114 publications

References 127 publications

Betanin as a multipath oxidative stress and inflammation modulator: a beetroot pigment with protective effects on cardiovascular disease pathogenesis

Betanin as a multipath oxidative stress and inflammation modulator: a beetroot pigment with protective effects on cardiovascular disease pathogenesis

New Insights into the Role of Glutathione in the Mechanism of Fever

Antioxidant properties and subchronic toxicity of the standardized extract of LAMIC, a phytomedicine prototype based on aqueous extracts from trunk bark of Lannea microcarpa Engl and K. Krause

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