Antioxidant properties and subchronic toxicity of the standardized extract of LAMIC, a phytomedicine prototype based on aqueous extracts from trunk bark of Lannea microcarpa Engl and K. Krause

Abstract

Aims: This study investigated the antioxidant activity and the 90 days subchronic toxicity of the standardized LAMIC phytomedicine prototype based on aqueous extracts from Lannea microcarpa trunk bark.
 Methods: Three spectrophotometric methods were used to evaluated the antioxidant activity of LAMIC which were 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzolin-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. For the standardized LAMIC subchronic toxicity study, male and female Wistar rats were used by daily oral administration at doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw consecutively for 90 days.
 Results: The LAMIC extract exhibit better inhibitory activity against DPPH radical than ABTS radical with respective IC50 values of 45.38±3.21 µg/mL and 66.45±18.76 µg/mL, while FRAP assay exhibit antioxidant activity of 211.34±15.92 mmol EAA/g.
 Subchronic oral administration of LAMIC was well-tolerated at all tested doses. No behavioral and physiological changes and mortality were observed. The LAMIC extract did not present any impact on general hematological parameters and biochemical parameters. Moreover, no significant changes were raised in organ and body weight of treated groups compared to the Control group.
 Conclusion: These results support that LAMIC prototype was a valuable source of natural antioxidants and no toxicity was associated to its long terms oral consumption in rats indicating a potential application as a cardiovascular protective formulation.
 Keywords: LAMIC–Lannea microcarpa–Standardization–Antioxidant–Subchronic toxicity.

An overview on Ethnopharmacologicals studies carried out on Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae): a medicinal plant used in Burkina Faso for the treatment of hypertension

“…These methods are distinct, each evaluating antioxidant activity differently, but remain com-plementary. The extract exhibited anti-free radicals with the DPPH method comparable to that of Trolox (reference product) (Belemnaba et al, 2019). The ABTS method makes it possible to evaluate the anti-free radical activity of the hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds present in an extract (Prior et al, 2005), these results had an IC 50 (µg / mL) 0.05 ± 0.04 (APR = 20).…”

“…Subacute toxicity for 28 days has shown LMaq to be non-toxic up to a dose of 1000 mg/kg (Nitiéma et al, 2018b). The subchronic toxicity of LAMIC, a prototype antihypertensive phytomedicine based on the aqueous decoct of the bark of the trunks of Lannea microcarpa in male and female Wistar rats is non-toxic up to a dose of 1500 mg/kg body weight given daily for 90 days (Belemnaba et al, 2019). Also, daily oral administration of the aqueous infused of the trunk bark of Lannea microcarpa did not show any toxidrome up to a dose of 3000 mg/kg for 14 days of treatment in Wistar rats (Owusu and Antwi-Adjei, 2017).…”

Evaluation of acute, subacute toxicity and in vivo impact of aqueous decoction of Flemingia faginea Guill. & Perr. (Barker) leafy stems on NMRI mice and normotensive Wistar rats

“…Repeated oral administration of the extract during the 28-day study did not alter serum levels of liver transaminases, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. These parameters are considered markers of liver integrity [26][27][28] . These results suggest that the FAD extract would not have hepatotoxic effects at the doses tested 29 .…”

Development of Tablets Based on Lannea Microcarpa Engl. Et K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) Extracts for Arterial Hypertension Therapy

“…Solubility was determined by gradually adding increasing volumes. The maximum amount of substance required for this assay was 111 mg and the maximum solvent volume was 30 mL according to the European Pharmacopoeia 5th edition [21]. The mixtures were stirred vigorously with a magnetic stirrer for 1 minute and then placed in a thermostatically controlled chamber at a temperature of 25.0 ± 0.5 °C for 15 minutes.…”

“…Indeed, ethnobotanical studies have indicated the use of its trunk bark in the form of decoction in the treatment of hypertension in Burkina Faso [14][15][16]. Experimental studies (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) have demonstrated the safety and Anti-hypertensive properties of freeze-dried aqueous decoct of the bark of the plant trunk [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Also studies of physicochemical characterization, quality control and galenic formulation have allowed the development of capsule forms based on standardized extracts dosed at 250mg [23][24][25].…”