Evaluation of acute, subacute toxicity and in vivo impact of aqueous decoction of Flemingia faginea Guill. & Perr. (Barker) leafy stems on NMRI mice and normotensive Wistar rats

Abstract

Introduction: Flemingia faginea, a Fabaceae family medicinal plant, has been used for a long time in Burkina Faso for the treatment of hypertension and excess salt. However, the safety of the preparations derived from this plant has not yet been scientifically documented. This study aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute oral toxicity of the leafy stems aqueous decoction of F. faginea (FAD) in healthy normotensive mice and rats and the impact on their normal blood pressure. Material and Methods: The acute oral toxicity study was conducted according to the toxicity class method of the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization (OECD) guideline 423. Subacute toxicity was carried out according to the OECD Guideline 407 for repeated dose chemical toxicity for 28 days. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood were performed after autopsy. An evaluation of the impact of the extract on the blood pressure of rats was performed using the non-invasive method. Results: A single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg bw to mice did not cause mortality or clinical signs or symptoms of toxicity during the 14-day study. The FAD was classified in the fifth category of the Harmonized System of Classification of the United Nations and considered practically safe with an estimated 50% lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg bw. Daily gavage of male and female rats with doses of 100,500 and 1000 mg/kg did not result in mortality or significant adverse effects during the 28days of experimentation. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, food &water consumption or relative vital organ weights in treated animals. Analysis of the hematological and biochemical parameters of blood serum did not show significant differences between treated and control animals in this study. Additionally, no aberrant changes were found in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the test animals during the 28 days of inclusion compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: The extract FAD could be considered safe within the doses tested for the results of the toxicological evaluation. However, microscopic, histopathological, and subchronic investigations will have to be carried out to confirm the safety of this extract use.

Phytochemical Profile, Acute Toxicity, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Hydroethanolic Extracts from Odontonema strictum (Nees) Kuntze (Acanthaceae) Root and Stem

“…The results showed that HE_SOS (2000 mg/kg bw) and HE_ROS (2000 mg/kg bw) did not cause any mortality or visible behavioral changes in female NMRI mice. The LD50 of HE_SOS and HE_ROS is estimated at 5000 mg/kg bw according to the United Nations Globally Harmonised System with demonstrated adverse effects [22,31]. These results show that extracts from the stems and roots of Odontonema strictum can be used safely.…”

“…The acute oral toxicity test for HE_ROS and HE_SOS was performed on female mice following OECD guideline 423 [21,22]. Two (02) batches, each consisting of three mice, were placed separately in polypropylene cages: a test batch of three mice and a control batch of three mice.…”

Acute Oral Toxicity and Antispasmodic Effects of Two Extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) Immature Fruits on the Isolated Rat Duodenum

“…For this reason, HE_FDM and AM_FDM were evaluated for acute oral toxicity. The results showed that their LD50 is estimated at 5000 mg/kg bw according to the United Nations Globally Harmonised System with demonstrated adverse effects" [17]. "These results show that the immature fruits of the plant are practically non-toxic and can therefore be used appropriately.…”

“…"The acute oral toxicity test for HE_FDM and AM_FDM was performed on female NMRI (Naval Medicinal Research Institute) mice by OECD guideline 423" [4,17]. Two batches, each consisting of three mice, were made up and placed separately in polypropylene cages, a control batch of 03 mice and a test batch of 03 mice.…”

Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, Safety of Use and Spasmolytic Effects of Aqueous Decoction Extract of <i>Diospyros mespiliformis</i> Leaves Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) on the Isolated Duodenum of Rat

“…The acute oral toxicity test for aqueous extract of Diospyros mespiliformis leaves was performed on female NMRI (Naval Medicinal Research Institute) mice in accordance with OECD guideline 423 [15] [16]. Two (02) batches, each consisting of three mice, were made up and placed separately in polypropylene cages: a control batch of three mice and a test batch of three mice.…”