Glutamine synthetase expression and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity influence proline accumulation in two cultivars of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) with differential salt sensitivity

Veeranagamallaiah, G.; Chandraobulreddy, P.; Jyothsnakumari, G.; Sudhakar, Chinta

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.10.012

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A1. Similar increase in P5C reductase in relation to the Pro accumulation has been reported in Brasssica juncea (Madan et al 1995), mulberry (Ramanjulu and Sudhakar 2000, 2001, Kumar et al 2003 and foxtail millet (Veeranagamallaiah et al 2007).…”

Section: ⎯⎯⎯⎯supporting

confidence: 54%

“…Osmotic adjustment is a part of the drought avoidance mechanisms to counteract the decrease in pressure potential by increasing and maintaining higher amount of intracellular compatible solutes in cytosol (Cushman 2001). Proline (Pro) is one among them Verma 1993, Verbruggen andHermans 2008) and a dramatic increase in the intracellular Pro content has been observed in a variety of osmotically stressed plants (Yamada et al 2005, Veeranagamallaiah et al 2007, Reddy et al 2008, SilvaOrtega et al 2008, Verbruggen and Hermans 2008. In plants, Pro biosynthesis occurs via two pathways, either from glutamate or ornithine.…”

Section: ⎯⎯⎯⎯mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Proline accumulation and the expression of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase in two safflower cultivars

Thippeswamy¹,

Chandraobulreddy²,

Sinilal³

et al. 2010

Biol. plant.

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Proline (Pro) accumulation under water stress was measured in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) drought tolerant cv. A1 and sensitive cv. Nira. Activities of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5C reductase) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5C synthetase), two enzymes involved in the Pro biosynthetic pathway were also estimated. Water stress resulted in a reduction in the leaf dry mass and chlorophyll content along with a gradual accumulation of Pro. RT-PCR results show higher expression of ∆ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (p5cs) gene in correlation with up-regulated Pro accumulation in cv. A1. P5C reductase was found to be the Pro synthesis rate limiting whereas P5C synthetase did not show any specific response to the drought stress in both cultivars.

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Section: ⎯⎯⎯⎯supporting

confidence: 54%

Section: ⎯⎯⎯⎯mentioning

confidence: 97%

Proline accumulation and the expression of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase in two safflower cultivars

Thippeswamy¹,

Chandraobulreddy²,

Sinilal³

et al. 2010

Biol. plant.

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“…GS is involved not only in using ammonium produced by nitrate reduction, but also in the reassimilation of ammonium generated from photorespiration, proteolysis and processes that are increased by stress (Tsai & Kao, 2002;Hirel et al, 2007). Thus, rice tolerance to salinity has been related to increased GS activity (Sahu et al, 2001), and genotypic tolerance to salinity in foxtail millet has been associated with proline accumulation coupled with an increase in salt-induced GS activity (Veeranagamallaiah et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined use of δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁵N tracks nitrogen metabolism and genotypic adaptation of durum wheat to salinity and water deficit

et al. 2012

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Summary Accurate phenotyping remains a bottleneck in breeding for salinity and drought resistance. Here the combined use of stable isotope compositions of carbon (δ13C), oxygen (δ18O) and nitrogen (δ15N) in dry matter is aimed at assessing genotypic responses of durum wheat under different combinations of these stresses. Two tolerant and two susceptible genotypes to salinity were grown under five combinations of salinity and irrigation regimes. Plant biomass, δ13C, δ18O and δ15N, gas‐exchange parameters, ion and N concentrations, and nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities were measured. Stresses significantly affected all traits studied. However, only δ13C, δ18O, δ15N, GS and NR activities, and N concentration allowed for clear differentiation between tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Further, a conceptual model explaining differences in biomass based on such traits was developed for each growing condition. Differences in acclimation responses among durum wheat genotypes under different stress treatments were associated with δ13C. However, except for the most severe stress, δ13C did not have a direct (negative) relationship to biomass, being mediated through factors affecting δ18O or N metabolism. Based upon these results, the key role of N metabolism in durum wheat adaptation to salinity and water stress is highlighted.

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“…The percent decrease in seedling growth was between 75% to 80% under 20% PEG and 200 mM NaCl stress conditions respectively at the end of experimentation, which were lethal to seedling growth. Likewise, many researchers reported that seedling growth in salt-and stress-containing medium was less than that in the control medium [25]- [27]. This reduced growth under stress has been ascribed either due to osmotic or ionic effects; inhibition of cell division and cell elongation processes associated with the growth of seedling and the decrease in plastic extensibility of the growing cell walls [25].…”

Section: Effect Of Peg and Nacl Stress On Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Analysis of Aldo-Keto Reductase 1 (AKR1) in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) Subjected to Abiotic Stresses

Kirankumar¹,

Madhusudhan²,

Nareshkumar³

et al. 2016

AJPS

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Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is a drought-tolerant millet crop of arid and semi-arid regions. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are significant part of plant defence mechanism, having an ability to confer multiple stress tolerance. In this study, AKR1 gene expression was studied in roots and leaves of foxtail millet subjected to different regimes of PEG-and NaCl-stress for seven days. The quantitative Real-time PCR expression analysis in both root and leaves showed upregulation of AKR1 gene during PEG and salt stress. A close correlation exits between expression of AKR1 gene and the rate of lipid peroxidation along with the retardation of growth. Tissue-specific differences were found in the AKR1 gene expression to the stress intensities studied. The reduction in root and shoot growth under both stress conditions were dependent on stress severity. The level of lipid peroxidation as indicated by MDA formation was significantly increased in roots and leaves along with increased stress levels. Finally, these findings support the early responsive nature of AKR1 gene and seem to be associated at least in part with its ability to contribute in antioxidant defence related pathways which could provide a better protection against oxidative stress under stress conditions.

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Glutamine synthetase expression and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity influence proline accumulation in two cultivars of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) with differential salt sensitivity

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Proline accumulation and the expression of Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase in two safflower cultivars

Proline accumulation and the expression of Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase in two safflower cultivars

Combined use of δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁵N tracks nitrogen metabolism and genotypic adaptation of durum wheat to salinity and water deficit

Expression Analysis of Aldo-Keto Reductase 1 (<i>AKR1</i>) in Foxtail Millet (<i>Setaria italica</i> L.) Subjected to Abiotic Stresses

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Glutamine synthetase expression and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity influence proline accumulation in two cultivars of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) with differential salt sensitivity

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Proline accumulation and the expression of Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase in two safflower cultivars

Proline accumulation and the expression of Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase in two safflower cultivars

Combined use of δ13C, δ18O and δ15N tracks nitrogen metabolism and genotypic adaptation of durum wheat to salinity and water deficit

Expression Analysis of Aldo-Keto Reductase 1 (&lt;i&gt;AKR1&lt;/i&gt;) in Foxtail Millet (&lt;i&gt;Setaria italica&lt;/i&gt; L.) Subjected to Abiotic Stresses

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Combined use of δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁵N tracks nitrogen metabolism and genotypic adaptation of durum wheat to salinity and water deficit

Expression Analysis of Aldo-Keto Reductase 1 (<i>AKR1</i>) in Foxtail Millet (<i>Setaria italica</i> L.) Subjected to Abiotic Stresses