Glutamine supplementation can reduce some atherosclerosis markers after exhaustive exercise in young healthy males

Alipanah-Moghadam, Reza; Molazadeh, Leila; Jafari-Suha, Zeinab; Naghizadeh-Baghi, Abbas; Mohajeri, Mahsa; Nemati, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111506

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Regarding the decrease in glutamine in blood, it is interesting to note that this amino acid is involved in macrophagic activation, energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis and that it has been shown to be negatively correlated with atherosclerotic lesions [ 30 ]. It has also recently been shown that glutamine supplementation can reduce some atherosclerosis markers in athletes [ 31 ]. Taurine and glycine, which are also lowered in the blood in our study, are also known to be protective against atherosclerosis, while the increase in branched-chain amino acids is deleterious for vascular pathophysiology [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profiling of Angiotensin-II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Ldlr−/− Mice Points to Alteration of Nitric Oxide, Lipid, and Energy Metabolisms

Barca

Richard

Robert

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Aneurysm is the second-most common disease affecting the aorta worldwide after atherosclerosis. While several clinical metabolomic studies have been reported, no study has reported deep metabolomic phenotyping in experimental animal models of aortic aneurysm. We performed a targeted metabolomics study on the blood and aortas of an experimental mice model of aortic aneurysm generated by high-cholesterol diet and angiotensin II in Ldlr−/− mice. The mice model showed a significant increase in media/lumen ratio and wall area, which is associated with lipid deposition within the adventitia, describing a hypertrophic remodeling with an aneurysm profile of the abdominal aorta. Altered aortas showed increased collagen remodeling, disruption of lipid metabolism, decreased glucose, nitric oxide and lysine metabolisms, and increased polyamines and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) production. In blood, a major hyperlipidemia was observed with decreased concentrations of glutamine, glycine, taurine, and carnitine, and increased concentrations of the branched amino acids (BCAA). The BCAA/glycine and BCAA/glutamine ratios discriminated with very good sensitivity and specificity between aneurysmatic and non-aneurysmatic mice. To conclude, our results reveal that experimental induction of aortic aneurysms causes a profound alteration in the metabolic profile in aortas and blood, mainly centered on an alteration of NO, lipid, and energetic metabolisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profiling of Angiotensin-II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Ldlr−/− Mice Points to Alteration of Nitric Oxide, Lipid, and Energy Metabolisms

Barca

Richard

Robert

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Reduced glutamine levels are responsible for the immune suppression associated with increased infection rates observed in over-trained athletes [ 23 ], where plasma L-glutamine level was seen to decrease by approximately 20% after 1 h of marathon running [ 24 , 25 ]. A previous study showed that chronic L-glutamine supplementation has beneficial effects on immune markers such as CD4 + T, CD8 + T cells and cytokines like IL-6 [ 26 ]; moreover, L-glutamine plays several other biological functions such as energy production, glycogenesis and ammonia buffering [ 27 ]. Consequently, L-glutamine has attracted the interest of scientists in sport nutrition because of its beneficial effects on the immune system and recovery of athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of L-glutamine enhanced mucosal immunity and improved hormonal status of combat-sport athletes

Lu,

Zheng,

Suzuki

et al. 2024

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background Maintaining proper immune function and hormone status is important for athletes to avoid upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and insufficient recovery, which is detrimental to sport performance and health. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether three-week supplementation of L-glutamine could benefit the mucosal immunity and hormonal status of combat-sport athletes as well as their rates of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and subjective feelings of well-being after intensive training. Methods Twenty-one combat-sport athletes from the National Taiwan University of Sport were recruited in this study. After intensive training, two groups of the participants were asked to consume powder form of 0.3 g/kg body weight of L-glutamine (GLU group) or maltodextrin (PLA group) with drinking water in a randomized design at the same time every day during 3 weeks. Saliva samples were collected to measure immunoglobulin A (IgA), nitric oxide (NO), testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) before and after three-week supplementation; moreover, Hooper’s index questionnaires were completed for wellness assessment. The incidence and duration of URTI were recorded by using a health checklist throughout the entire study period. Results Supplementation of L-glutamine significantly enhanced the concentrations of IgA and NO in saliva; additionally, the incidence of URTI was significantly reduced. Regarding hormones, T concentration was significantly decreased in the PLA group, whereas C concentration was significantly increased, resulting in a significant decrease of T/C ratio. In contrast, the GLU group showed a significant increase of T/C ratio, while the mood scores of the Hooper’s index questionnaire were higher in the PLA group. Conclusions Three-week supplementation of L-glutamine after intensive training enhanced the mucosal immunity, improved hormonal status and reduced the rate of URTI of combat-sport athletes while feelings of well-being were also enhanced. Therefore, L-glutamine would be beneficial for the sports performance and recovery of athletes.

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“…Our team's recent clinical serum metabonomic detection showed that compared with that in nondiabetic acute myocardial infarction, the expression of glutamine in diabetic acute myocardial infarction is significantly reduced [1], suggesting that glutamine is significantly consumed. Previous studies have shown that glutamine improves fasting plasma glucose levels [2] and has anti‐inflammatory effects [3, 4]. The role of glutamine in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and its participating mechanism are still unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamine supplementation alleviated aortic atherosclerosis in mice model and in vitro

Zhang,

Wang,

Sun

et al. 2023

Proteomics

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This study aimed to clarify the role of glutamine in atherosclerosis and its participating mechanism. Forty C57BL/6J mice were divided into wild control (wild Con), ApoE−/− control (ApoE−/− Con), glutamine + ApoE−/−control (Glut + ApoE−/− Con), ApoE−/− high fat diet (ApoE−/− HFD), and glutamine + ApoE−/− HFD (Glut + ApoE−/− HFD) groups. The degree of atherosclerosis, western blotting, and multiomics were detected at 18 weeks. An in vitro study was also performed. Glutamine treatment significantly decreased the degree of aortic atherosclerosis (p = 0.03). O‐GlcNAcylation (O‐GlcNAc), IL‐1β, IL‐1α, and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in the ApoE−/− HFD group were significantly higher than those in the ApoE−/− Con group (p < 0.05). These differences were attenuated by glutamine treatment (p < 0.05), and aggravated by O‐GlcNA transferase (OGT) overexpression in the in vitro study (p < 0.05). Multiomics showed that the ApoE−/− HFD group had higher levels of oxidative stress regulatory molecules (guanine deaminase [GUAD], xanthine dehydrogenase [XDH]), proinflammatory regulatory molecules (myristic acid and myristoleic acid), and stress granules regulatory molecules (caprin‐1 and deoxyribose‐phosphate aldolase [DERA]) (p < 0.05). These differences were attenuated by glutamine treatment (p < 0.05). We conclude that glutamine supplementation might alleviate atherosclerosis through downregulation of O‐GlcNAc, glycolysis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory pathway.

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Glutamine supplementation can reduce some atherosclerosis markers after exhaustive exercise in young healthy males

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Metabolomic Profiling of Angiotensin-II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Ldlr−/− Mice Points to Alteration of Nitric Oxide, Lipid, and Energy Metabolisms

Metabolomic Profiling of Angiotensin-II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Ldlr−/− Mice Points to Alteration of Nitric Oxide, Lipid, and Energy Metabolisms

Supplementation of L-glutamine enhanced mucosal immunity and improved hormonal status of combat-sport athletes

Glutamine supplementation alleviated aortic atherosclerosis in mice model and in vitro

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