Glutamine supplementation alleviated aortic atherosclerosis in mice model and in vitro

Abstract

This study aimed to clarify the role of glutamine in atherosclerosis and its participating mechanism. Forty C57BL/6J mice were divided into wild control (wild Con), ApoE−/− control (ApoE−/− Con), glutamine + ApoE−/−control (Glut + ApoE−/− Con), ApoE−/− high fat diet (ApoE−/− HFD), and glutamine + ApoE−/− HFD (Glut + ApoE−/− HFD) groups. The degree of atherosclerosis, western blotting, and multiomics were detected at 18 weeks. An in vitro study was also performed. Glutamine treatment significantly decreased the degree of aortic atherosclerosis (p = 0.03). O‐GlcNAcylation (O‐GlcNAc), IL‐1β, IL‐1α, and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in the ApoE−/− HFD group were significantly higher than those in the ApoE−/− Con group (p < 0.05). These differences were attenuated by glutamine treatment (p < 0.05), and aggravated by O‐GlcNA transferase (OGT) overexpression in the in vitro study (p < 0.05). Multiomics showed that the ApoE−/− HFD group had higher levels of oxidative stress regulatory molecules (guanine deaminase [GUAD], xanthine dehydrogenase [XDH]), proinflammatory regulatory molecules (myristic acid and myristoleic acid), and stress granules regulatory molecules (caprin‐1 and deoxyribose‐phosphate aldolase [DERA]) (p < 0.05). These differences were attenuated by glutamine treatment (p < 0.05). We conclude that glutamine supplementation might alleviate atherosclerosis through downregulation of O‐GlcNAc, glycolysis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory pathway.

Ambient Ozone Exposure, Semen Plasma Metabolites, and Sperm Quality Decline among Adult Men in Wuhan China

“…38 Myristoleic acid, a fatty acid present in certain plant oils, is commonly used as a dietary supplement to maintain normal cholesterol levels and reduce inflammation. 39,40 Therefore, the potential mechanism underlying our findings suggests that O 3 exposure may induce an inflammatory reaction, disrupting the pathway associated with myristoleic acid metabolism and subsequently impacting sperm concentration.…”

“…This observation aligns with a case-control study conducted in Italy, where significant differences in levels of myristoleic acid were found between oligoasthenoteratozoospermic and asthenozoospermic groups . Myristoleic acid, a fatty acid present in certain plant oils, is commonly used as a dietary supplement to maintain normal cholesterol levels and reduce inflammation. , Therefore, the potential mechanism underlying our findings suggests that O 3 exposure may induce an inflammatory reaction, disrupting the pathway associated with myristoleic acid metabolism and subsequently impacting sperm concentration.…”