Glutamine enhances storage protein synthesis in Medicago sativa L. somatic embryos

Lai, Fang-Ming; Senaratna, Tissa; McKersie, Bryan D.

doi:10.1016/0168-9452(92)90194-q

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Furthermore, a high content of the storage protein-related amino-acid L-arginine would be expected to improve germination. In Medicago sativa, addition of L-glutamine to the maturation medium resulted in higher storage protein accumulation of somatic embryos [52].…”

Section: Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Nitrogen Utilization Capability during the Proliferation and Maturation Phases of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) Somatic Embryogenesis

Dahrendorf

Clapham

Egertsdotter

2018

Forests

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a laboratory-based method that allows for cost-effective production of large numbers of clonal copies of plants, of particular interest for conifers where other clonal propagation methods are mostly unavailable. In this study, the effect of L-glutamine as an organic nitrogen source was evaluated for three contrasted media (containing NH 4 + NO 3 without glutamine, or glutamine + NO 3 , or glutamine without inorganic nitrogen) during proliferation and maturation of Norway spruce somatic embryos through analyses of activities of the key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism: nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and arginase. A major change in nitrogen metabolism was indicated by the increased activity of GS from zero in the proliferation stage through maturation to high activity in somatic embryo-derived plantlets; furthermore, NR activity increased from zero at the proliferation stage to high activity in maturing embryos and somatic-embryo derived plantlets. In contrast, arginase activity was high at all stages. In accordance with the GS and NR data, proliferation was fastest on the glutamine media, the largest number of mature embryos developed on the glutamine medium without inorganic nitrogen, and the ammonium content of proliferating cultures was much higher than that of mature somatic embryos. The best developed embryos, judged by germination, were from the glutamine + NO 3 medium. These insights into nitrogen utilization will help to improve culture medium composition.

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Section: Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Nitrogen Utilization Capability during the Proliferation and Maturation Phases of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) Somatic Embryogenesis

Dahrendorf

Clapham

Egertsdotter

2018

Forests

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“…It has been able to increase the SE of Triticum aestivum L. with asparagine (Asn) [17]. Production of somatic embryos and plantlet regeneration in Medicago sativa were increased with glutamine, alanine, proline and arginine supplements in regeneration medium [18]. Higher somatic embryos embryogenesis in Santalum album L. was obtained after statistical optimisation of medium constituents such as sugar, inorganic nitrogen, and abscisic acid [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Ammonium sulphate and pyroglutamic acid had nutritive and regulatory roles in storage protein accumulation [24]. In the presence of 50 mM glutamine the quantity of high salt soluble S-2 proteins, consisting of mainly medicagin (11S) along with other polypeptides of the storage proteins, increased 2-fold in somatic embryos [18]. A failure to synthesize the full complement of storage proteins (7S, 2S, 11S) was a serious limitation in producing quality embryos in Medicago sativa L [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Surface Methodology of Glutamine, Asparagine and 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid for Agave americana L. Embryo Number and their Optimization in a RITA® Automatic Bioreactor System

Miceli¹,

Oliva²,

Castro³

et al. 2014

Int. J. Biotech. Well. Indus.

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Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), asparagine and glutamine on a number of embryos from callus of Agave americana L generated with 0.5mg/L of 2,4-D, treatments obtained according to an experimental design with response surface BoxBehnken with three repetitions at the central point with 0, 1 and 2 mg L -1 2, 4-D; 0, 200 and 500 mg L -1 glutamine and 0, 500 and 1000 mg L -1 asparagine. The embryo number was optimized using the RITA® automatic bioreactors system using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) varying the immersion frequencies with similar solid and liquid treatments at the same time for comparative purposes. The results showed that interaction between asparagine and glutamine had a statistically significant effect and the largest embryo number was obtained with the higher concentration of the two amino acids, the coefficient of determination (R2) calculated from the validation data for RSM model was 0.92, The use of the RITA® bioreactor had a positive effect on embryo number at 1 min of immersion time and a frequency of 12 times a day comparing with the liquid system but not at others frequencies, possibly because of the physical conditions inside the reactor. Response surface design was an experimental strategy which led to raise the embryo number using asparagine and glutamine as supplement of MS medium in the callus differentiation A. americana L. and using the RITA reactors automatic system was effective to improve the multiplication rate.

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“…So, only mature somatic embryos, containing enough reserved materials such as LEA proteins, fatty acid reserves and sugars, could convert into normal-shaped plants (von Arnold et al 2002;Sharma et al 2004). Comparison of seeds, somatic embryos of Medicago sativa L. have relatively low amounts of protein storages (Krochko et al 1992;Lai et al 1992) and for conversion to plantlets are dependent on some components. Phytohormones and nitrogen have a positive effect on somatic embryogenesis induction ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of in vitro embryo maturation, plantlet regeneration and transformation efficiency from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somatic embryos using Cuscuta campestris extract

Amini

Deljou

Nabiabad

2016

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Developmental deficiency of somatic embryos and regeneration to plantlets, especially in the case of transformation, are major problems of somatic embryo regeneration in alfalfa. One of the ways to overcome these problems is the use of natural plant regulators and nutrients in the culture medium of somatic embryos. For investigating the influence of Cuscuta campestris extract on the efficiency of plant regeneration and transformation, chimeric tissue type plasminogen activator was transferred to explants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and transgenic plants were recovered using medium supplemented with different concentration of the extract. Transgenic plants were analyzed by PCR and RT-PCR. Somatic embryos of Medicago sativa L. developed into plantlets at high frequency level (52 %) in the maturation medium supplemented with 50 mg 1 -1 C. campestris extract as compared to the medium without extract (26 %). Transformation efficiency was 29.3 and 15.2 % for medium supplemented with dodder extract and without the extract, respectively. HPLC and GC/MS analysis of the extract indicated high level of ABA and some compounds such as Phytol, which can affect the somatic embryo maturation. The antibacterial assay showed that the extract was effective against some strains of A. tumefaciens. These results have provided a scientific basis for using of C. campestris extract as a good natural source of antimicrobial agents and plant growth regulator as well, that can be used in tissue culture of transgenic plants.

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Glutamine enhances storage protein synthesis in Medicago sativa L. somatic embryos

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Analysis of Nitrogen Utilization Capability during the Proliferation and Maturation Phases of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) Somatic Embryogenesis

Analysis of Nitrogen Utilization Capability during the Proliferation and Maturation Phases of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) Somatic Embryogenesis

Response Surface Methodology of Glutamine, Asparagine and 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid for Agave americana L. Embryo Number and their Optimization in a RITA® Automatic Bioreactor System

Improvement of in vitro embryo maturation, plantlet regeneration and transformation efficiency from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somatic embryos using Cuscuta campestris extract

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