Glutamine deprivation induces metabolic adaptations associated with beta cell dysfunction and exacerbate lipotoxicity

L-Glutamine Supplementation Associated With Moderate Aerobic Training Improves Biometric, Glycemic Profile and the Antioxidant Defense

“…Therefore, the increase of SOD and CAT activity may provide enough antioxidant defense to upkeep its mass during moderate training, explaining why the HSP70 remained unchanged. Moreover, L-glutamine upregulated the SOD and CAT antioxidant activities in pancreas tissue of animals undergoing physical training, which is in agreement with its protective role in diabetic rats' pancreatic islets (MEDRAS et al, 2018;CARLESSI et al, 2019). An increased antioxidant activity in the pancreas may neutralize the ROS production, and suppress the ROS-derived neutralization of insulin (MUNHOZ et al, 2016).…”

“…The dietary supplementation L-glutamine has been discussed worldwide regardless its efficacy in preventing muscle fatigue (COQUEIRO; ROGERO; TI-RAPEGUI, 2019), in catabolic conditions such as hind limb immobilization (PETRY et al, 2019), sepsis (SUL-ZBACHER et al, 2018) and aerobic physical training (PETRY et al, 2014). L-glutamine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the circulation, and can act in the glycemic control by increasing the insulin production and secretion (CARLESSI et al, 2019;COQUE-IRO;ROGERO;TIRAPEGUI, 2019). Besides, the most important role of glutamine is the indirect antioxidant activity through enhancing glutathione availability and the 70 kDa-heat shock protein (HSP70) expression (PETRY et al, 2019).…”

“…Therefore, and can be considered a "real poly-pill" (FIUZA-LUCES et al, 2013), since also enhances the antioxidant defense, which depends on the L-glutamine availability. L-glutamine deprivation induces metabolic adaptations, such as reduction of glucose uptake, insulin production and release, as well as a drop in the mitochondrial respiration, both associated with a β-cells dysfunction (CARLESSI et al, 2019). Therefore, the L-glutamine supplementation could provide an exogenous source of this amino acid, and improve the glycemic, glutathione and inflammatory profile.…”

“…This effected preceded the effect of the interventions isolated, which was only perceptible after the 6-weeks following. The protective effect of L-glutamine in the glucose tolerance may be due to the enhancement of the insulin production and secretion (MEDRAS et al, 2018), which helps in augmenting the glucose uptake (CARLESSI et al, 2019). Therefore, these positive effects of L-glutamine may be considered with caution before extrapolating it for obese subjects, since it could be related with a hyperinsulinemia (MEDRAS et al, 2018).…”

Detection of Early Disease Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A New Era with the NMR Metabolomics Assessment

“…Glutamine plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as in energy balance, apoptosis, and cell proliferation and, its deprivation can activate the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway [150,151]. For instance, there has been a controversy linking glutamine with the prediction of the T2D.…”