Physiological effects of nutrients on insulin release by pancreatic beta cells

Losada-Barragán, Mónica

doi:10.1007/s11010-021-04146-w

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 111 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Insulin is a peptide hormone released by pancreatic beta cells in response to a rise in blood glucose (e.g., postprandial response to carbohydrate ingestion). Fructose, some amino acids and fatty acids can also augment insulin release [ 39 ]. Insulin binds to the extracellular alpha subunit portion of the transmembrane insulin cellular receptor of body tissues (e.g., liver, muscle, fat, brain).…”

Section: Overview Of Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiometabolic risk: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2023

Bays¹,

Bindlish²,

Clayton³

2023

Obesity Pillars

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Overview Of Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiometabolic risk: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2023

Bays¹,

Bindlish²,

Clayton³

2023

Obesity Pillars

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In this sense, most, if not all, tissues are “insulin sensitive”, even those whose glucose transporters are not regulated by insulin. It is now well established that other factors besides glucose that can stimulate insulin release, activity and metabolism, such as fructose, free fatty acids, and amino acids [ 7 ]. However, it is glucose that is the primary determinant of insulin secretion and it is the glucose response by which insulin sensitivity and resistance is mainly measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Resistance in Peripheral Tissues and the Brain: A Tale of Two Sites

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concept of insulin resistance has been around since a few decades after the discovery of insulin itself. To allude to the classic Charles Dicken’s novel published 62 years before the discovery of insulin, in some ways, this is the best of times, as the concept of insulin resistance has expanded to include the brain, with the realization that insulin has a life beyond the regulation of glucose. In other ways, it is the worst of times as insulin resistance is implicated in devastating diseases, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that affect the brain. Peripheral insulin resistance affects nearly a quarter of the United States population in adults over age 20. More recently, it has been implicated in AD, with the degree of brain insulin resistance correlating with cognitive decline. This has led to the investigation of brain or central nervous system (CNS) insulin resistance and the question of the relation between CNS and peripheral insulin resistance. While both may involve dysregulated insulin signaling, the two conditions are not identical and not always interlinked. In this review, we compare and contrast the similarities and differences between peripheral and CNS insulin resistance. We also discuss how an apolipoprotein involved in insulin signaling and related to AD, apolipoprotein E (apoE), has distinct pools in the periphery and CNS and can indirectly affect each system. As these systems are both separated but also linked via the blood–brain barrier (BBB), we discuss the role of the BBB in mediating some of the connections between insulin resistance in the brain and in the peripheral tissues.

show abstract

“…[ 1 , 2 , 3 ] Milk is endowed with many nutraceutical properties too, such as the stimulation of insulin, incretin (glucagon‐like‐polypeptide‐1 [GLP‐1], glucose inhibitory polypeptide [GIP]) and insulin‐like‐growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] Insulin stimulation by milk is primarily due to lactose and proteins, that, following digestion, raise plasma glucose and amino acid concentrations respectively, [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] that directly act on hormone secretion. Milk proteins are considered the main actors in such an effect, both because the glucose increment is mild (due to the low‐glycemic index of milk), [ 10 , 11 ] and/or because neither milk lactose [ 11 ] or fat [ 12 ] would entirely account for the elevated insulin levels after whole milk ingestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Reversal of Whey‐Protein to Casein Ratio of Cow Milk, on Insulin, Incretin, and Amino Acid Responses in Humans

Toffolon

Rocco-Ponce

Vettore

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scope Milk‐proteins, besides lactose, stimulate insulin and incretin secretion. Although whey‐proteins (WP) are more efficient than casein (Cas) in hormone secretion, the effects of reversal of the (WP/Cas) ratio in whole‐milk are poorly known. Methods and Results Healthy volunteers received two different cow‐milk drinks, at identical lactose (0.36 g × kg−1 BW) and total‐protein (0.18 g × kg1 BW) loads, but at reversed WP/Cas ratio. One is cow‐whole milk with a ≈20/80 [WP/Cas] ratio, the other an experimental cow‐milk with a ≈70/30 [WP/Cas] ratio ([↑WP↓Cas]‐milk). Both milk‐types induced the same mild hyperglycemic response. Following [↑WP↓Cas]‐milk, the [20′–90′] insulin incremental area (iAUC) (+ ≈44%, p < 0.035), and the [20′–120′] C‐peptide iAUC (+ ≈47%, p < 0.015) are greater than those with cow‐milk. Similarly, following [↑WP↓Cas]‐milk, the GLP‐1 [20′–90′] iAUC (+96%, p < 0.025), and the GIP [30′–60′] iAUC (+140%, p < 0.006), were greater than those with cow‐milk. Plasma total and branched‐chain amino acids are also greater following the [↑WP↓Cas] than cow‐milk. Conclusions Reversal of the (WP/Cas) ratio in cow‐milk enhanced the insulin response, an effect possibly mediated by incretins and/or amino acids(s). These data may be useful in designing specific milk formulas with different effects on insulin and incretin response(s).

show abstract

Physiological effects of nutrients on insulin release by pancreatic beta cells

Cited by 8 publications

References 111 publications

Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiometabolic risk: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2023

Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiometabolic risk: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2023

Insulin Resistance in Peripheral Tissues and the Brain: A Tale of Two Sites

Effect of Reversal of Whey‐Protein to Casein Ratio of Cow Milk, on Insulin, Incretin, and Amino Acid Responses in Humans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About