Glutamate Transporter GLAST Is Expressed in the Radial Glia–Astrocyte Lineage of Developing Mouse Spinal Cord

Sawada, Takashi; Yamada, Kazuyuki; Watanabe, Masahiko; Ikenaka, Kazuhiro; Wada, Keiji; Tanaka, Kohichi; Inoue, Yoshiro

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-23-09212.1997

Cited by 366 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…The generation of radial glial cells from neuroepithelial cells is impaired in NRG mutants and this defect can be rescued with exogenous NRG-1. The generation of radial glial phenotype and its derivatives is likely to be influenced by a hierarchy of diverse molecular cues, including ciliary neurotrophic factor, bone morphogenetic proteins, brain lipid binding protein, glutamate transporter, Musashi-1, rax, neurogenin-3, Hes1, and pax-6 (3,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). The diversity of molecular cues that contribute to the establishment of radial glial cells is consistent with the possibility that there are multiresponsive precursors in the ventricular neuroepithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Neuregulin 1–erbB2 signaling is required for the establishment of radial glia and their transformation into astrocytes in cerebral cortex

Schmid

McGrath²,

Berechid

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

190

151

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Radial glial cells and astrocytes function to support the construction and maintenance, respectively, of the cerebral cortex. However, the mechanisms that determine how radial glial cells are established, maintained, and transformed into astrocytes in the cerebral cortex are not well understood. Here, we show that neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) exerts a critical role in the establishment of radial glial cells. Radial glial cell generation is significantly impaired in NRG mutants, and this defect can be rescued by exogenous NRG-1. Down-regulation of expression and activity of erbB2, a member of the NRG-1 receptor complex, leads to the transformation of radial glial cells into astrocytes. Reintroduction of erbB2 transforms astrocytes into radial glia. The activated form of the Notch1 receptor, which promotes the radial glial phenotype, activates the erbB2 promoter in radial glial cells. These results suggest that developmental changes in NRG-1-erbB2 interactions modulate the establishment of radial glia and contribute to their appropriate transformation into astrocytes.R adial glial cells play a critical role in the construction of the mammalian brain by contributing to the formation of neurons and astrocytes and providing an instructive scaffold for neuronal migration (1-7). The establishment of radial glial cells from an undifferentiated sheet of neuroepithelium precedes the generation and migration of neurons in the cerebral cortex. During early stages of corticogenesis, radial glial cells can give rise to neurons (3-5). Subsequent neuronal cell movement in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex occurs mainly along radial glial fibers, although nonpyramidal neurons initially migrate into the cortex in a radial glial-independent manner (1, 2, 4-7).During late stages of corticogenesis, as neurogenesis and migration dwindles, the radial glial scaffolding in the telencephalon is dismantled and transformed into type 1 astrocytes (8-10). Astrocytes contribute to the emergence and maintenance of mature brain circuitry through their function as modulators of neuronal activity (11), neurogenesis (12), and as potential neuronal precursors (13). Neurodevelopmental disorders affecting the development of radial glial cells lead to faulty neuronal and glial differentiation, thus resulting in gross CNS malformations characterized by neuronal misplacement and connectivity (14). Despite their significance, the molecular signals controlling the establishment, maintenance, and transformation of radial glial cells in the developing cerebral cortex are poorly defined.Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), a member of the NRG family of proteins, has been implicated in the differentiation of glial cells from both central and peripheral nervous systems (15, 16). In the developing CNS, NRG-1 is expressed in migrating neurons and oligodendrocyte precursors and is thought to positively influence radial glial cell function and oligodendrocyte development (17-21). NRG-1 mediates its effects via the activation of dimers of protein tyrosine kinase receptors, erbB2, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Neuregulin 1–erbB2 signaling is required for the establishment of radial glia and their transformation into astrocytes in cerebral cortex

Schmid

McGrath²,

Berechid

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

190

151

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“…Those data provide support for the role of neuronal extrinsic signals in determining and maintaining a radial glial identity and suggest that transformation of radial glia into astrocytes is regulated by the availability of neuronal signals rather than by changes in cell potential (54). A remarkable example is the presence of the glutamate receptor GLAST in radial glia in the developing spinal cord (55). It is clear that glutamate transporters on mature astrocytes play an essential role in the rapid removal of extracellular glutamate in order to keep the level low enough to prevent neuronal excitotoxicity.…”

Section: Neuron-radial Glia Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Cross-talk between neurons and glia: highlights on soluble factors

Gomes

Spohr

Martinez

et al. 2001

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The development of the nervous system is guided by a balanced action between intrinsic factors represented by the genetic program and epigenetic factors characterized by cell-cell interactions which neural cells might perform throughout nervous system morphogenesis. Highly relevant among them are neuron-glia interactions. Several soluble factors secreted by either glial or neuronal cells have been implicated in the mutual influence these cells exert on each other. In this review, we will focus our attention on recent advances in the understanding of the role of glial and neuronal trophic factors in nervous system development. We will argue that the functional architecture of the brain depends on an intimate neuron-glia partnership.

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“…Glast immunolabeling (23,40) (Fig. 3) shows that Gpr37l1 −/− pups have expanded Bergmann fiber reticules, along with reduced EGL thickness and enhanced Purkinje dendrite's arborization and connectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precocious cerebellum development and improved motor functions in mice lacking the astrocyte cilium-, patched 1-associated Gpr37l1 receptor

Marazziti

Pietro

Golini

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In the developing cerebellum, the proliferation and differentiation of glial and neuronal cell types depend on the modulation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway. The vertebrate Gprotein-coupled receptor 37-like 1 (GPR37L1) gene encodes a putative G-protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in newborn and adult cerebellar Bergmann glia astrocytes. This study shows that the ablation of the murine Gpr37l1 gene results in premature down-regulation of proliferation of granule neuron precursors and precocious maturation of Bergmann glia and Purkinje neurons. These alterations are accompanied by improved adult motor learning and coordination. Gpr37l1 −/− mice also exhibit specific modifications of the Shh signaling cascade. Specific assays show that in Bergmann glia cells Gpr37l1 is associated with primary cilium membranes and it specifically interacts and colocalizes with the Shh primary receptor, patched 1. These findings indicate that the patched 1-associated Gpr37l1 receptor participates in the regulation of postnatal cerebellum development by modulating the Shh pathway.mutant mouse model | mitogenic signaling

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Glutamate Transporter GLAST Is Expressed in the Radial Glia–Astrocyte Lineage of Developing Mouse Spinal Cord

Cited by 366 publications

References 50 publications

Neuregulin 1–erbB2 signaling is required for the establishment of radial glia and their transformation into astrocytes in cerebral cortex

Neuregulin 1–erbB2 signaling is required for the establishment of radial glia and their transformation into astrocytes in cerebral cortex

Cross-talk between neurons and glia: highlights on soluble factors

Precocious cerebellum development and improved motor functions in mice lacking the astrocyte cilium-, patched 1-associated Gpr37l1 receptor

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