Glucuronidation as a metabolic barrier against zearalenone in rat everted intestine

Ieko, Takahiro; Inoue, Sumire; Inomata, Yume; Inoue, Hiroki; Fujiki, Jumpei; Iwano, Hidetomo

doi:10.1292/jvms.19-0570

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the final product of lipid peroxidation and is often used as an indicator to monitor lipid peroxidation and the body’ damage [ 40 ]. It has been concluded that the intestinal tract is the primary barrier with respect to ZEA metabolism [ 41 ]. In distal intestinal segments, ZEA metabolites gain access to body tissues via the systemic circulation and are re-activated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Zearalenone Exposure on the Growth Performance, Small Intestine Disaccharidase, and Antioxidant Activities of Weaned Gilts

Liu

Yang

et al. 2020

Animals

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Zearalenone (ZEA) is a secondary metabolite with estrogenic effects produced by Fusarium fungi and mainly occurs as a contaminant of grains such as corn and wheat. ZEA, to which weaned gilts are extremely sensitive, is the main Fusarium toxin detected in corn–soybean meal diets. Our aim was to examine the effects of ZEA on the growth performance, intestinal disaccharidase activity, and anti-stress capacity of weaned gilts. Twenty 42-day-old healthy Duroc × Landrace × Large White weaned gilts (12.84 ± 0.26 kg) were randomly divided into control and treatment (diet containing 1.04 mg/kg ZEA) groups. The experiment included a 7-day pre-trial period followed by a 35-day test period, all gilts were euthanized and small intestinal samples were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. The results revealed that inclusion of 1.04 mg/kg ZEA in the diet significantly reduced the activities of lactase, sucrase, and maltase in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of gilts. Similarly, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and activities of catalase in the jejunum and ileum were reduced (p < 0.05). Conversely, the content of malondialdehyde in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and the integrated optical density (IOD), IOD in single villi, and the mRNA and protein expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The results of immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the positive reaction of Hsp70 in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of weaned gilts was enhanced in the ZEA treatment, compared with the control. The findings of this study indicate the inclusion of ZEA (1.04 mg/kg) in the diet of gilts reduced the activity of disaccharidase enzymes and induced oxidative stress in the small intestine, thereby indicating that ZEA would have the effect of reducing nutrient absorption in these animals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Zearalenone Exposure on the Growth Performance, Small Intestine Disaccharidase, and Antioxidant Activities of Weaned Gilts

Liu

Yang

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…ZEA upregulates mainly mRNA levels of CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP1A2 and CYP1A1, followed by CYP3A5 and CYP2C9, together with activation of their transcriptional regulators—aryl the hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR) [ 106 ]. It is well known that ZEA, α-ZEA, and β-ZEA are substrates of UGT, the enzyme responsible for the glucuronidation ( Figure 7 ) [ 78 , 105 , 164 , 165 ]. However, the UGT was not only saturated but also inhibited by high concentration of ZEA [ 166 ].…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins: Biotransformation and Bioavailability Assessment Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer

Tran

Viktorová

Ruml

2020

Toxins

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The determination of mycotoxins content in food is not sufficient for the prediction of their potential in vivo cytotoxicity because it does not reflect their bioavailability and mutual interactions within complex matrices, which may significantly alter the toxic effects. Moreover, many mycotoxins undergo biotransformation and metabolization during the intestinal absorption process. Biotransformation is predominantly the conversion of mycotoxins meditated by cytochrome P450 and other enzymes. This should transform the toxins to nontoxic metabolites but it may possibly result in unexpectedly high toxicity. Therefore, the verification of biotransformation and bioavailability provides valuable information to correctly interpret occurrence data and biomonitoring results. Among all of the methods available, the in vitro models using monolayer formed by epithelial cells from the human colon (Caco-2 cell) have been extensively used for evaluating the permeability, bioavailability, intestinal transport, and metabolism of toxic and biologically active compounds. Here, the strengths and limitations of both in vivo and in vitro techniques used to determine bioavailability are reviewed, along with current detailed data about biotransformation of mycotoxins. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of mycotoxin effects is also discussed regarding the disorder of intestinal barrier integrity induced by mycotoxins.

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“…Because the FITC was covalently bonded to the amino groups of glucosamine monomers of chitosan, the zeta potential was reduced to 28 mV ( Table 1 ), but still positive. The everted intestine technique is widely used to evaluate intestinal absorption of nutrients, drugs, and toxicants [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Everted intestines from rats and chickens were incubated with Ch-ALA-FITC-NPs, and the fluorescence was measured in samples taken from both inside and outside of the everted intestine ( Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Lipoic Acid with Antioxidant Properties as a Potential Nutritional Supplement

Quester

Rodríguez-González

González-Dávalos

et al. 2022

Animals

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The addition of the antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) to a balanced diet might be crucial for the prevention of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Due to its low half-life and instability under stomach-like conditions, α-lipoic acid was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs). The resulting chitosan nanoparticles containing 20% w/w ALA (Ch-ALA-NPs) with an average diameter of 44 nm demonstrated antioxidant activity and stability under stomach-like conditions for up to 3 h. Furthermore, fluorescent Ch-ALA-NPs were effectively internalized into 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and were able to cross the intestinal barrier, as evidenced by everted intestine in vitro experiments. Thus, chitosan-based nanoparticles seem to be an attractive administration method for antioxidants, or other sensible additives, in food.

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Glucuronidation as a metabolic barrier against zearalenone in rat everted intestine

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of Dietary Zearalenone Exposure on the Growth Performance, Small Intestine Disaccharidase, and Antioxidant Activities of Weaned Gilts

Effects of Dietary Zearalenone Exposure on the Growth Performance, Small Intestine Disaccharidase, and Antioxidant Activities of Weaned Gilts

Mycotoxins: Biotransformation and Bioavailability Assessment Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer

Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Lipoic Acid with Antioxidant Properties as a Potential Nutritional Supplement

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