Glucosinolate levels in cotyledons of mustard,Brassica juncea L. and rape,B. napus L. do not determine feeding rates of flea beetle,Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze)

Bodnaryk, Robert P.; Palaniswamy, P.

doi:10.1007/bf00988082

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These observations are consistent with an earlier study showing that glucosinolates in the cotyledons of B. juncea or B. napus do not affect flea beetle feeding rates (Bodnaryk and Palaniswamy 1990). In contrast, the generalist M. configurata strongly preferred (by fivefold) to feed on the line of B. juncea with the lowest concentration of sinigrin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Glucosinolates in partially purified extracts were bound to a column of DEAESephadex A-25 and desulphated with arylsulfatase (Sigma). The desulphoglucosinolates were eluted from the column with water and separated by HPLC on a 250-mm LiChrosphere 100 RP-19 (10 µm) column (Merck) with monitoring at 227 nm and quantitation by comparison of peak areas with an internal standard of O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (Sigma) (Bodnaryk and Palaniswamy 1990;Bodnaryk 1992).…”

Section: Extraction and Quantitation Of Glucosinolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unquestioning acceptance of this wide-ly held point of view has been criticized by Chew (1988). Most researchers now think that the influence of glucosinolates, if any, on the interaction of insects with their hosts must be examined on a case-by-case basis, with consideration being given to the generalist/specialist status of the pest (Blau et al 1978), the types and concentrations of glucosinolates and their breakdown products and the developmental stage of the plant and the tissue(s) being fed upon (Bodnaryk and Palaniswamy 1990;Bodnaryk 1991 …”

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confidence: 99%

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Will low-glucosinolate cultivars of the mustards Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba be vulnerable to insect pests?

Bodnaryk¹

1997

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Will low-glucosinolate cultivars of the mustards Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba be vulnerable to insect pests? Can J. Plant Sci. 77: 283-287. Foliar concentrations of the predominant glucosinolates in the mustards B. juncea (allyl glucosinolate, sinigrin) and S. alba (p-hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate, sinalbin) were determined in lines that had been selected in breeding programs for low levels of glucosinolates in their seeds for the oilseed market. The glucosinolate concentrations found in the cotyledons and leaves of the selected lines were also low, often by three or more orders of magnitude, compared with the unselected parent. The flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze, and the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), (both crucifer specialists) fed at equal rates on B. juncea and its low-glucosinolate lines, indicating that these species are insensitive to sinigrin and suggesting that their pest status on low-glucosinolate lines of B. juncea will likely remain unchanged. By contrast, the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk. (a generalist) fed up to fivefold more on the leaves of low-glucosinolate lines, suggesting that its pest status on low-glucosinolate B. juncea is likely to worsen relative to the mustard B. juncea. Flea beetles, diamondback moth, and the bertha armyworm fed at equal rates on the mustard S. alba and a low-glucosinolate line indicating that the status of these pests on low-glucosinolate S. alba will unlikely be much different from the mustard S. alba.Lines of S. alba differing in their sinalbin concentration by 1000-fold had equal levels of antixenosis resistance in their cotyledons against flea beetles, leaving little doubt that this resistance is independent of glucosinolates. Flea beetle resistance was also detected in the cotyledons of a low-glucosinolate line of B. juncea. The resistance was not detected in the parental line or in another low-glucosinolate line and appears to have arisen fortuitously during crossing and selection. Since resistance occurs in a line with concentrations of sinigrin three or more orders of magnitude lower than non-resistant lines, this resistance is also unlikely to be glucosinolate based. The mustards S. alba and B. juncea are a useful source of cotyledon resistance against flea beetles that is compatible with the aims of oilseed breeding. , montrant que les deux espèces sont indifférentes à la présence de la sinigrine et que, par conséquent, elles conserveront vraisemblablement la même visibilité sur les lignées p.g. En revanche, la légionnaire bertha Mamestra configurata Wlk. (plus polyphage) se nourrissait jusqu'à cinq fois plus à même les feuilles des lignées à basse teneur en glucosinolates, ce qui laisse à penser que sa nuisibilité risque d'empirer sur les lignées de ce type, par rapport avec l'espèce d'origine chez Sinapis alba, le degré d'activité des altises, de la fausse-teigne et de la légion-naire bertha était sensiblement équivalent sur l'espèce non sélectionnée et sur sa lignée p.g., montrant que le degré de nuisibilité sur les...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Extraction and Quantitation Of Glucosinolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Will low-glucosinolate cultivars of the mustards Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba be vulnerable to insect pests?

Bodnaryk¹

1997

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Seed glucosinolates are rapidly metabolized during the onset of germination (Elliot and Stowe 1971;Bodnaryk and Palaniswamy 1990) including glucobrassicin, a major seed glucosinolate in A. thaliana (Petersen et al 2002). iv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and formation of indole-3-acetamide in Arabidopsis thaliana

Pollmann

Müller

Piotrowski

et al. 2002

Planta

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An HPLC/GC-MS/MS technique (high-pressure liquid chromatography in combination with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) has been worked out to analyze indole-3-acetamide (IAM) with very high sensitivity, using isotopically labelled IAM as an internal standard. Using this technique, the occurrence of IAM in sterile-grown Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was demonstrated unequivocally. In comparison, plants grown under non-sterile conditions in soil in a greenhouse showed approximately 50% higher average levéis of IAM, but the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, microbial contributions to the IAM extracted from the tissue are likely to be minor. Levéis of IAM in sterile-grown seedlings were highest in imbibed seeds and then sharply declined during the first 24 h of germination and further during early seedling development to remain below 20-30 pmol g l fresh weight throughout the rosette stage. The decline in indole-3-aetic acid (IAA) levéis during germination was paralleled by a similar decline in IAM levéis. Recombinant nitrilase isoforms 1, 2 and 3, known to synthesize IAA from indole-3-acetonitrile, were shown to produce significant amounts of IAM in vitro as a second end product of the reaction besides IAA. NIT2 was earlier shown to be highly expressed in developing and in matare A. thaliana embryos, and NIT3 is the dominantly active gene in the hypocotyl and the cotyledons of young, germinating seedlings. Collectively, these data suggest that the elevated levéis of IAM in seeds and germinating seedlings result from nitrilase action on indole-3-acetonitrile, a metabolite produced in the plants presumably from glucobrassicin turnover.

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“…), diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella), and flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) are often undeterred by foliar glucosinolates (Blau et al 1978;Chew 1988a,b;Bodnaryk and Palaniswamy 1990;Louda and Mole 1992). These specialized herbivores may have been important in the evolution of tolerance to herbivory in wild radish.…”

Section: Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of Induced Responses and Tolerance to Herbivory in Male and Female Fitness Components of Wild Radish

1999

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Abstract.-Theory predicts that plant defensive traits are costly due to trade-offs between allocation to defense and growth and reproduction, Most previous studies of costs of plant defense focused on female fitness costs of constitutively expressed defenses. Consideration of alternative plant strategies, such as induced defenses and tolerance to herbivory, and multiple types of costs, including allocation to male reproductive function, may increase our ability to detect costs of plant defense against herbivores. In this study we measured male and female reproductive costs associated with induced responses and tolerance to herbivory in annual wild radish plants (Raphanus raphanistrum). We induced resistance in the plants by subjecting them to herbivory by Pieris rapae caterpillars. We also induced resistance in plants without leaf tissue removal using a natural chemical elicitor, jasmonic acid; in addition, we removed leaf tissue without inducing plant responses using manual clipping. Induced responses included increased concentrations of indole glucosinolates, which are putative defense compounds. Induced responses, in the absence of leaf tissue removal, reduced plant fitness when five fitness components were considered together; costs of induction were individually detected for time to first flower and number of pollen grains produced per flower. In this system, induced responses appear to impose a cost, although this cost may not have been detected had we only quantified the traditionally measured fitness components, growth and seed production. In the absence of induced responses, 50% leaf tissue removal, reduced plant fitness in three out of the five fitness components measured. Induced responses to herbivory and leaf tissue removal had additive effects on plant fitness. Although plant sibships varied greatly (49-136%) in their level of tolerance to herbivory, costs of tolerance were not detected, as we did not find a negative association between the ability to compensate for damage and plant fitness in the absence of damage. We suggest that consideration of alternative plant defense strategies and multiple costs will result in a broader understanding of the evolutionary ecology of plant defense.

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Glucosinolate levels in cotyledons of mustard,Brassica juncea L. and rape,B. napus L. do not determine feeding rates of flea beetle,Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze)

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

Will low-glucosinolate cultivars of the mustards Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba be vulnerable to insect pests?

Will low-glucosinolate cultivars of the mustards Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba be vulnerable to insect pests?

Occurrence and formation of indole-3-acetamide in Arabidopsis thaliana

Costs of Induced Responses and Tolerance to Herbivory in Male and Female Fitness Components of Wild Radish

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