Glucosinolate composition of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) grown under various boron treatments at three Ontario sites

Abstract

885-888. The relative glucosinolate composition of the florets from field-grown broccoli, determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, varied slightly with growing site and B fertilization, but was cultivar-dependent. Differences among growing sites, in total glucosinolate concentration, were greater than differences between the two cultivars used in the study. Liu et al. 1993). The availability of (Fenwick et al. 1983).freeze-dried material from that study enabled Earlier research showed that GS levels vary us to determine the total and individual GS, among cultivars of Brassica species and may including the indolyl-GS, of the edible porbe affected by environment (e.g., nitrogen, don of broccoli, using high-performance sulphur, boron) and soil type (Fenwick et al. liquid chromatography and liquid 1983). However, the individual GS contents chiomatography-mass spectrometry.were often not determined. On the other hand, In the f,i-rst experiment, carried out in 1990, gas chromatography has been used, but broccoli (Braisica oleracea var. italica indolyl-GS, which may constitute a signifi-.Baccus' ind 'Commander')

Genetic and environmental effects on glucosinolate content and chemoprotective potency of broccoli

“…Few studies have contrasted the genetic vs. the environmental contribution to glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli florets. Shelp et al (1993) observed significant effects of genotype and environment on glucoraphanin concentrations, but they limited their examination to two early maturing cultivars. Farnham et al (2000) observed a positive correlation of glucoraphanin concentrations in heads from the same genotypes harvested in two different environments, concluding Genetic and environmental effects on glucosinolate content and chemoprotective potency of broccoli 63 that genotype plays a significant role in expression.…”

“…Glucoraphanin is a relatively abundant aliphatic glucosinolate present in harvested florets of cultivated broccoli; however, other aliphatic glucosinolates, such as glucoiberin (3-methylsulphinylpropyl glucosinolate) and glucoerucin (4-methylthiobutyl glucosinolate), have also been identified in broccoli tissues. In general, glucoiberin, glucoerucin, and other aliphatic glucosinolates occur at levels <10% of those of glucoraphanin (Carlson et al 1987, Shelp et al 1993, Kushad et al 1999, and their cognate isothiocyanates typically account for <2% of total glucosinolate-derived phase 2 induction potency of broccoli (Zhang et al 1992, Prestera et al 1993. Other prominent glucosinolates in broccoli florets are indole glucosinolates such as glucobrassicin (indole-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate), neoglucobrassicin (1-methoxyindole-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate), and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin.…”

Capacity of Broccoli to Induce a Mammalian Chemoprotective Enzyme Varies among Inbred Lines

“…Carlson et al (1987) and Kushad et al (1999) found very low levels of GI compared to GR, and significant differences among broccoli entries for GR concentration, but looked only at a single environment. Shelp et al (1993) grew two cultivars of broccoli in several environments, reported only GR levels, and found a significant effect of genotype and environment on the concentration of this glucosinolate. However, those authors utilized two relatively early maturing cultivars, Commander and Baccus, and the magnitude of differences between the two cultivars was small compared to the ranges observed by Carlson et al (1987), Kushad et al (1999), and those described herein.…”

“…Brassica oleracea vegetables, like all cruciferous species, are glucosinolate), and glucoalyssin (GA; 5-methylsulfinylpentyl glucosinolate) have also been identified in broccoli heads. The concentrations of GI range from 0% to 10% that of GR, while those for GE and GA are much less than 5% that of GR (Carlson et al, 1987;Kushad et al, 1999;Shelp et al, 1993). Iberin, erucin, and alyssin (cognate isothiocyanates of GI, GE, and GA, respectively) have only ≈20%, 10%, and 10%, respectively, of the Phase 2 enzyme induction potential of sulforaphane (Prestera et al, 1993;Zhang et al, 1992), and thus account typically for no more than ≈2% of the total glucosinolate-derived Phase 2 induction potency of broccoli.…”

Intact Glucosinolate Analysis in Plant Extracts by Programmed Cone Voltage Electrospray LC/MS: Performance and Comparison with LC/MS/MS Methods

“…In the earliest report of LC/MS analysis of desulfoglucosinolates (15), thermospray ionization was used to confirm the structures of molecules isolated from seeds of Brassica campestris. Thermospray LC/MS has subsequently been used to identify desulfoglucosinolates isolated from Calabrese leaves (16), Arabidopsis thaliana leaves (17,18), sprout extracts (19), rape (20,21), and broccoli (22). Additional structural information was obtained by MS/MS in one of the above examples (19).…”