Genetic and environmental effects on glucosinolate content and chemoprotective potency of broccoli

Abstract

Broccoli is well recognized as a source of glucosinolates and their isothiocyanate breakdown products. Glucoraphanin is one of the most abundant glucosinolates present in broccoli and its cognate isothiocyanate is sulphoraphane, a potent inducer of mammalian detoxication (phase 2) enzyme activity and anti‐cancer agent. This study was designed to measure: glucosinolate levels in broccoli florets from an array of genotypes grown in several environments; the elevation of a key phase 2 enzyme, quinone reductase, in mammalian cells exposed to floret extracts; and total broccoli head content. There were significant environmental and genotype‐by‐environment effects on levels of glucoraphanin and quinone reductase induction potential of broccoli heads; however, the effect of genotype was greater than that of environmental factors. The relative rankings among genotypes for glucoraphanin and quinone reductase induction potential changed, when expressed on a per head basis, rather than on a concentration basis. Correlations of trait means in one environment vs. means from a second were stronger for glucoraphanin and quinone reductase induction potential on a per head basis than on a fresh weight concentration basis. Results of this study indicate that development of a broccoli phenotype with a dense head and a high concentration of glucoraphanin to deliver maximum chemoprotective potential (high enzyme induction potential/glucoraphanin content) is a feasible goal.

Potential of Moringa oleifera L. as livestock fodder crop: a review

“…Some other fodder tree leaves like those of Sesbania sesban, Acacia angustissima, and Acacia cyanophylla contain 31, 66, and 38 g kg -1 tannin contents, respectively (Ahn et al 1989;Kaitho 1997;Salem et al 1999). Aside from this, moringa leaves lack lectins, trypsin, and amylase inhibitors (Ferreira et al 2008), but possess sugar-modified glucosinolates (dominated by glucomoringin in leaves and glucotropaeolin in roots) (Fahey et al 2001;Bennett et al 2003;Newton et al 2010), although their concentration varies widely depending upon the soil time, climate, growth stage, and cultivar/ species (Farnham et al 2000(Farnham et al , 2004. Cartea et al (2007) and Charron et al (2005) reported higher concentrations of glucosinolates on long and warmer days.…”

bHLH05 Is an Interaction Partner of MYB51 and a Novel Regulator of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

“…Diverse pathogens trigger the production of GSL by inducing the JA, ethylene, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, or Glc signaling pathways (Kiddle et al, 1994;Doughty et al, 1995;Brader et al, 2001;León et al, 2001;Kliebenstein et al, 2002;Mikkelsen et al, 2003;Farnham et al, 2004;Lorenzo et al, 2004;Dombrecht et al, 2007;Yan and Chen, 2007;Erb et al, 2011;Guo et al, 2013a). This can modulate GSL accumulation via MYBs (Hirai et al, 2007;Sønderby et al, 2007;Gigolashvili et al, 2007aGigolashvili et al, , 2007bFrerigmann and Gigolashvili, 2014) and other regulatory proteins in GSL biosynthesis.…”

“…Finally, TERMINAL FLOWER2 (also known as TU8), which is involved in controlling heterochromatin structure Bennett et al, 2005), affects the accumulation of GSL, but is also important in flowering, meristem formation, and leaf morphology. However, both qualitative and quantitative fluctuations in the accumulation of GSLs in different tissues during plant development (Petersen et al, 2002;Brown et al, 2003) or in response to environmental stimuli (Bodnaryk, 1992(Bodnaryk, , 1994Kiddle et al, 1994;Doughty et al, 1995;Brader et al, 2001;León et al, 2001;Pontoppidan, 2001;Kliebenstein et al, 2002;Mikkelsen et al, 2003;Farnham et al, 2004;Lorenzo et al, 2004;Mewis et al, 2005;Dombrecht et al, 2007;Yan and Chen, 2007;Erb et al, 2011;Verhage et al, 2011;Guo et al, 2013a) cannot be fully explained by activities of MYB or other nuclearlocalized factors and more components of the GSL regulatory network are anticipated to exist.…”

Interactive effect of AM fungi with Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and yield of broccoli

“…It is low in calories, fat free, low in sodium, it has high amount of vitamins (A, B 1 , B 2, B 5 , B 6 , C, and E) and minerals (Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe) (Beecher 1994;Decoteau 2000). It also has antioxidant substances identified as glucosinolates that are potent cancer chemoprevention agents (Farnham et al 2004). …”