Glucose Utilization

Abstract

The sections in this article are: Molecular Basis for Glucose Transport Family of Glucose Transporters Translocation of Glucose Transporters Intrinsic Activity Fiber‐Type Specific Expression of GLUT 4 Role of Glut4 in Contraction‐Induced Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport Signaling Mechanisms Involved in Contraction‐Induced Increase in Glucose Transport Regulation of Glucose Utilization in Vivo Glucose Supply Membrane Glucose Transport Capacity Glucose Metabolism Regulation of Glucose Utilization at Rest Regulation of Glucose Utilization During Exercise Effect of Exercise Intensity Effect of Exercise Duration Effect of Exercise Type Alternative Substrates Glucose Utilization During Exercise in Adverse Environment Humoral Regulation of Glucose Utilization During Exercise Effect of Physical Training Status Exercise in States of Altered Glucose Utilization Regulation of Glucose Utilization in the Postexercise State Membrane Glucose Transport Capacity Induced by Contraction Insulin Sensitivity

Metabolism and inflammatory mediators in the peritendinous space measured by microdialysis during intermittent isometric exercise in humans

“…3 and Table 2). This indicates that the peritendinous area does not contribute quantitatively to glucose disposal and that the major cause for the decline in plasma glucose is an increased glucose uptake in the contracting skeletal muscle, in the present case m. triceps surae (Richter, 1996). For lactate the interstitial concentration was found to be higher than the corresponding arterial concentration, and lactate was released from the tissue during rest.…”

Prior exercise and the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the dog

“…It is well established that prior exercise causes increases in insulin-stimulated whole body glucose disappearance, muscle glucose uptake, and muscle nonoxidative glucose metabolism (21,23). The present studies add two important new elements to our knowledge of the effects of prior exercise on insulin-stimulated metabolism.…”

“…IT IS WELL RECOGNIZED THAT the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake is enhanced by a single bout of exercise (21). We have shown that the marked increase in insulin action during exercise is matched by an equally profound increase in insulin-induced hypoglycemic counterregulation in an exercising dog model (28).…”

“…The mechanism for the increase in hepatic insulin action remains to be determined. One of the key determinants of the postexercise increase in muscle insulin action is depletion of muscle glycogen stores (3,21). The exercise protocol used in the present study depletes liver glycogen stores ϳ70% (26).…”

“…The effectiveness of this potent counterregulatory response may be important in decreasing the magnitude and frequency of hypoglycemia during a bout of exercise. Skeletal muscle remains more sensitive to insulin for a sustained period after exercise (21). In contrast, the counterregulatory response to insulininduced hypoglycemia is actually reduced a full day after prolonged exercise (9,16).…”